TAMMANY  HALL 

Centennial  Celebration 


113th  ANNIVERSARY 


American  Independence. 

—  .««♦«>   

JULY  4th5  1889. 


SEYMOUR  DURST 


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CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION 

OF  THE 

ANNIVERSARY  OF  THE  FOUNDING 

OF  THE 

Society  of  Tammany 

OR 

COLUMBIAN  ORDER, 

AND  OF  THE 

113th  ANNIVERSARY 

OF  THE 

Declaration  of  American  Independence, 

HELD  AT 

TAMMANY  HALL. 

Thursday.   July    4th.  1889. 

PUBLISHED  BY  ORDER  OF  THE  TAMMANY  SOCIETY. 


NEW  YORK : 

JOHN  \V.  OLIVER,  STEAM  PRINTER.  No.  903  CANAL  STREET 


18  89. 


115 


OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


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SOCIETY  OF  TAMMANY,  or  COLUMBIAN  ORDER, 

CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION 

OF  THE 

ANNIVERSARY  OF  THE  FOUNDING  OF  THE  SOCIETY, 

AND  OK  T1IK 

113th    ANNIVERSARY  OF 


5\mranm  iivsl  e.p  mil nut 


TAMMANY  HALL,  14th  St.,  Near  Third  Ave. 
Thursday,  July  4th,  1889. 

ORDER  OF  EXERCISES. 

NATIONAL  AIRS  By  BAYNE'S  69TII  REGT.  BAND. 

ADDRESS  OF  WELCOME,    .      .  .   By  Grand  Sachem  JAMES  A.  FLACK. 

MUSIC. 

QUARTETTE — Centennial — "All  Hail  this  Glorious  Morn,"  TAMMANY  GLEE  CLUB. 
READING  THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE,  as  prescribed  by  the 

Constitution  and  By-Laws  of  the  Society,  .  By  Brother  JACOB  A.  CANTOR. 
QUARTETTE — "Columbia,  We  Love  Thee,"  .  .  .  TAMMANY  GLEE  CLUB. 
DUETT — "  Yenetiau  Boat  Song,"  Mrs.  C.  H.  CLARKE  and  Mrs.  C.  F.  ANDERSON. 

"LONG  TALKS," 

By  Hon.  W.  BOURKE  COCKRAN,  of  New  York. 

Hon.  JAMES  B.  EUSTIS,  U.  S.  Senator  from  Louisiana. 

MCSIC. 

DUETT—"  Estudiantina,"       .       Mrs.  C.  H.  CLARKE,  and  Mrs.  C.  F.  ANDERSON. 

Matilda  Scott  Paine,  Accompanist. 
READING  REPLIES  TO  THE  INVITATIONS  OF  THE  SOCIETY 
FROM    DISTINGUISHED    DEMOCRATS    AND  ABSENT 

BROTHERS  BY  SECRETARY  THOMAS  F.  GILROY. 

QUARTETTE — "The  Sword  of  Bunker  Hill,"       .      .       TAMMANY  GLEE  CLUB. 

"SHORT    TALK  S," 

BY 

Hon.  B.  T.  BIGGS,  Governor  of  Delaware.  Hon.  A.  P.  JONES,  of  New  York. 

"    C.  W.  WILSON,  Governor  of  W.  Ya.  "  H.  A.  REEVES,  of  New  York. 

"    JOHN  H.  REGAN,  U.  S.  Senator  from  "  GEORGE  W.  GREENE,  of  New  York. 

Texas.  "  ASIIBEL  P.  FITCH,  of  New  York. 

M    CHARLES  E.  HOOKER,  of  Miss.  "  GEORGE  K.  ROESCH,  of  New  York. 

41     B.  F.  SH1YELY,  of  Indiana.  "  JOSEPH  BU  MENTHAL,  of  N.  Y. 

"    JAMES  JEFFRIES,  of  Louisiana.  "  JOHN  CONNELLY,  of  New  York. 

«    M.  V.  B.  EDGERLY,  of  Mass.  '•  HOSEA  B.  PERKINS,  of  New  York. 

ALLAN  L.  McDERMOTT,  of  N.  J.  "  THOMAS  (\  T.  CHAIN,  of  New  York. 

"     S.  S.  COX,  of  New  York.  "  ISAAC  L.  EGBERT,  oi  New  York. 

"    CLINTON  BECK  WITH,  of  New  York.  "  JOHN  R.  McNULTY,  of  New  Y«.rk. 

u    J.  H.  WARD,  of  New  York.  "  JOHN  B.  KoGOLDRICK.  of  N.  Y. 


Sachems  and  Officers  of  the  Society. 

JAMES  A.  FLACK,  Grand  Sachem. 
WM.  BOURKE  COCKRAN,     RICHARD  (  POKER,  JOHN  IfoQUADE, 

THOMAS  L.  FEITNER.  JOEL  O.  STEVENS,  JOHN  J.  GORMAN, 

BERNARD  F.  MARTIN,         JOHN  COCHRANE.  CHARLES  W  ELDE, 

CHARLES  M.  CLANCY.         JAMES  J.  SLEVIN,  HUGH  J.  GRANT. 

CHARLES  E.  SIMMONS,  j     V  mi. 

ARTHUR  LEARY,  Treasurer.  THOMAS  F.  GILROY,  Secretary. 

JOHN  i>.  nkw.man,  maktntele.  WILLIAM  h.  DOBB&  Sagamore. 

JOHN  Mc(jUADE,  Father  of  the  Council.   MAURICE  F.  HOLAHAN. 

Scribe  of  the  Council. 


"CENTENNIAL.  'r 

QUARTETTE. 
Dedicated  to  the  Tammany  Society. 


WORDS   BY   J.    MONROE  ANDERSON. 


Tammany  Glee  Club. 


All  hail  this  festal  morning ! 
With  joy  we  greet  its  dawning, 
Our  council-fires  relighting, 
And  storied-past  reciting; 
Thus  may  our  Order  ever  stand, 
A  bulwark  strong,  of  freedom's  land- 
By  all  we  fondly  cherish, 
Its  fame  shall  never  perish; 
Grand  old  Columbian  Order, 
A  hundred  years  applaud  her, 
Through  centuries,  as  time  rolls  on,. 
Will  patriots  bless  thy  natal  morn. 

Then,  brothers,  swell  the  chorus, 
Till  heaven's  breezes  o'er  us 
Shall  waft  it  o'er  the  mountains, 
To  far-off  vales  and  fountains; 
Within  our  wigwam,  heart  and  hand, 
We  pledge  to  guard  our  glorious  land.- 


SACHEM,  HUGH  J.  GRANT. 

MAYOR  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


Tammany  Society. 


CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION 

OF  THK 

ANNIVERSARY  OF  THE  FOUNDING  OF  THE  SOCIETY, 

i.VI)  OF  THK 

113th    ANNIVERSARY  OFu 


July  4th.  1889. 


[n  the  month  of  May,  L789,  the  Society  of  Tam- 
many, or  Columbian  Order,  was  founded.  The 
■organizers  of  this  Institution  were  inspired  by  the 
samesenseof  patriotism  that  fired  the  hearts  oj  the 
men  who  had  risked  and  given  their  "  lives,  for- 
tunes, and  sacred  honor,"  to  throw  off  the  joke  of 
Great  Britain,  and  to  establish  a  government 
that  would  become  in  the  future  an  asylum  for  the 
oppressed  of  all  lands,  and  that  would  in  reality 
* 4  derive  its  just  powers  from  the  consent  of  the 
gove  rued.'* 

At  the  date  of  the  foundation  of  the  Society,  the 
Constitution  under  which  the  United  States  were  to 
be  governed  hud  been  adopted,  and  George  Wash- 
ington, the  lirst  President  elected  under  that 


10  Tammany  Society. 

Constitution,  had  just  been  inaugurated.  After 
the  War  of  the  Revolution  had  ended,  and  the 
plan  of  future  government  of  the  liberated  Colo- 
nies was  being  discussed,  there  sprang  into  exist- 
ence a  party  which  strongly  favored  a  sort  of  lim- 
ited monarchy,  or  "strong  government, ,?  as  they 
expressed  it.  This  idea  was  fought  successfully 
by  Thomas  Jefferson  and  his  followers.  After  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution,  the  supporters  of  the 
strong  central  government  idea  did  not  cease  their 
struggles,  and  societies  were  formed  to  keep  alive 
their  ideas,  the  membership  of  which  was  limited 
to  the  descendants  of  men  who  were  officers  in  the 
Continental  Army,  and  of  the  men  who  supported 
the  principles  of  Alexander  Hamilton. 

It  was  to  combat  this  idea,  and  to  keep  alive  the 
"fires  of  liberty,"  and  to  perpetuate  a  republican 
form  of  government,  that  the  Society  of  Tammany 
was  formed,  and  one  of  the  fundamental  rules  of 
the  Order  was  that  the  Society  was  to  meet  on  In- 
dependence Day  in  each  year,  and  to  read  again 
the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

The  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Celebration  of 
Independence  Day,  occurred  on  Thursday,  July 
4th,  1889,  and  on  that  clay  occurred  the  Centen- 
nial Celebration  of  the  Founding  of  the  Tammany 


Celebration,  1889 \ 


11 


Society,  and  the  "glorious  instrument  "  was  rend 
for  the  one  hundredth  time. 

Extraordinary  efforts  were  made  by  the  Board 
of  Sachems  to  make  this  celebration  one  of  the 
grandest  ever  held  by  the  Society.  The  Wigwam, 
on  Fourteenth  Street,  had  been  entirely  repainted 
and  decorated  since  the  recent  fire,  and  its  bright 
and  fresh  appearance  was  made  still  more  fresh 
and  gay  by  the  grandeur  of  the  special  decora- 
tions. The  outside  ot  the  building  was  literally 
covered  with  the  National  colors.  From  every 
window  fluttered  American  (lags,  and  from  each 
of  the  corners  of  the  roof  were  lines  stretched  to 
the  to})  of  the  main  flagstaff,  upon  which  was 
strung  the  pennants  of  the  American  Navy.  In- 
side the  Grand  Council  Chamber  the  decorations 
were  more  elaborate.  Around  the  wralls  were 
hung  the  coats  of  arms  of  the  several  States. 
Handsome  silk  bannerets  adorned  each  of  the 
posts.  The  ladies'  gallery,  and  the  grand  plat- 
form, was  draped  in  purple  and  gold.  On  each 
side  of  the  desk  and  chair  of  the  Grand  Sachem 
wrere  handsome  (lorn  1  pieces.  The  Cap  of  Liberty, 
surmounting  the  pole,  rested  on  the  stage  to  the 
right  of  the  Grand  Sachem. 

The  main  floor  and  the  galleries  were  crowded  to 


12  Tammany  Society. 

overflowing  with  an  audience  of  enthusiastic  dem- 
ocrats, and  the  boxes  were  filled  with  fair  ladies, 
who  cheered  to  the  echo  the  patriotic  speeches 
of  the  distinguished  democrats,  and  braves,  who 
gave  the  long  and  short  talks. 

Baynes  69th  Regiment  band  stationed  iti  the 
centre  of  the  mam  gallery,  discoursed  patriotic 
music  and  popular  airs. 

At  half-past  ten,  the  Sachems  and  Braves, 
headed  by  Wiskinkie  John  D.  Newman,  bearing 
the  Liberty  Cap,  and  Sagamore  William  H.  Dobbs, 
with  the  battle  ax  and  Pipe  of  Peace,  filed  into  the 
hall  to  the  inspiring  strains  of  the  "Tammany 
Grand  March/'  played  by  the  band,  and  took  the 
places  assigned  them  on  tin1  grand  platform. 
Among  the  many  distinguished  Democrats  and 
Braves,  were  :  United  States  Senator  James  B. 
Enstis,  of  Louisiana.  Governor  E.  Willis  Wilson, 
of  West  Virginia,  Governor  B  T.  Biggs,  of 
Delaware,  Hon.  B  F.  Shively.  of  Indiana.  Hon. 
C.  1.  Weston,  of  Michigan,  Mayor  Hugh  J.  Grant, 
Chamberlain  Richard  Croker.  Commissioner  of 
Public  Works  Thomas  F.  Gilroy,  Police  Commis- 
sioners James  J.  Martin,  and  Charles  F.  McLean, 
Hon.  Clinton  Beckwith,  Congressmen  W.  Bourke 
Cockran,  Francis  B.  Spinola,  Ashbel  P.  Fitch, 


SACHEM,  RICHARD  CROKER. 

CHAMBERLAIN  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


Celebration,  LSM. 


L3 


Frank  T.  Fitzgerald,  and  Edward  Dunphy,  Re- 
corder Frederick  Smyth,  Sheriff  James  A  Flack, 
Surrogate  Rastus  S.  Ransom,  Register  .James  .1. 
Slevin.  County  Clerk  Edward  F.  Reilly,  Deputy 
■Commissioner  Bernard  F.  Martin.  Deputy  County 
Clerk  P.  J.  Scully,  Street  Commissioner  Rogers, 
Hon.  George  F.  Roesch,  Charities  Commissioner 
Edward  C.  Sheehey,  Ex-Judge  John  McQuade, 
Commissioners  of  Accounts  Maurice  F.  Holahan 
and  William  P.  Barker.  State  Senators  Jacob  A. 
Cantor  and  Charles  Stadler.  Corporation  Counsel 
William  H.  Clark,  Police  Justices  Charles  Welde, 
Andrew  J.  White,  Daniel  F.  McMahon,  Edward 
Hogan.  John  J.  Gorman  and  John  Cochrane; 
Under  Sheriff  John  B.  Sexton.  Deputy  Register 
James  Hanley,  Fire  Commissioner  Anthony  Eick- 
hoff,  Charities  Commissioner  Charles  E.  Simmons, 
Superintendent  Thomas  Brady,  Assemblymen 
Joseph  Blumenthal,  Patrick  H.  Duffy,  Timothy 
I).  Sullivan,  Thomas  Smith  Jr  ,  Jeremiah  Have-. 
Dominick  Mullaney,  Charles  Blake  Thomas  J. 
Creamer,  Frederick  Haffner,  Edward  1*.  I  lagan. 
William  H.  Neuschafer,  John  Connolly.  August 
Strassburg  and  Christopher  C.Clark,  Aldermen 
Cornelius  Flynn.  Patrick  Diwer,  Andrew  A.Xoo- 
nan,  Alex.  J.Dowd.  William  B.  Walker,  James 
F.  Butler.  Richard  J.  Sullivan,  James  Gilligan, 


14  Tammany  Society. 

William  P.Rinckhoff,  James  M.  Fitzsimons,  Henry 
Gunther,  Walton  Storm,  Redmond  J.  Barry, 
David  Barry,  John  B.  Shea  and  President  John 
H.  Y.  Arnold,  Excise  Commissioners  Edward  T. 
Fitzpatrick  and  Joseph  Koch,  Civil  Justices  Peter 
Mitchell,  Ambrose  Monell,  Joseph  J.  Fallon,  Al- 
fred Steckler,  Charles  M.  Clancy  and  Andrew  J. 
Rogers,  George  Hall,  James  Fitzpatrick,  Charles 
Steckler,  John  J.  Scannel,  Coroners  Ferdinand 
Levy,  Daniel  Hanley,  M.  J.  B.  Messemer  and 
Lonis  W.  Schultze,  James  Barker,  Henry  Bishoff, 
Jr  ,  Ex-Senator  George  W.  Plunkitt,  Ex- Alder- 
men Peter  Seery  and  Hugk  F.  Farrell,  John  H.  J. 
Ronner,  Thomas  C.  (VSnllivan,  Daniel  M.  Done- 
gal!, Stephen  J.  O'Hare,  John  McCormack,  Ser- 
geant Henry  McKee,  Henry  C.  Reilly,  William  L. 
Flack,  Lawrence  Delmonr,  John  J.  McDonough, 
Water  Purveyor  William  H.  Burke,  Jokn  C. 
Munzinger,  Norman  Andrus,  Bryan  Henry,  Jokn 
B.  McGoldrick,  C.  Rastus  Wilson,  James  H.  Daly, 
William  Lamb,  Jr..  William  J.  Hill,  Hugk  Don- 
nelly, Demos  L.  Holmes,  Jokn  Skields,  Judges 
Simon  M,  Ekrlick,  Leicester  Holmes,  David  Mc 
Adam,  Michael  T.  Daly  and  Josepk  0.  Davis. 

When  the  Sachems  and  Braves  were  seated, 
Grand  Sachem  James  A.  Flack,  stepping  to  the 


Celebration,  1889. 


16 


front,  rapped  for  order,  and  welcomed  the  guests 
of  the  Society,  as  follows  : 

Brethren  of  the  Tammany  Society,  and  Fel- 
low Citizens  : — The  pleasure  and  pride  which  1 
have  for  some  years  felt  as  Grand  Sachem  of  this 
Order,  in  opening  the  ceremonies  attendant  upon 
the  celebration  of  our  National  Independence,  is 
enhanced  on  this  occasion  by  the  feeling  that 
we  are  here  assembled,  in  addition,  to  celebrate 
the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Founding  of 
our  Society. 

This  historic  Order  has  witnessed  the  struggles 
and  the  triumphs  of  our  country  for  one  hundred 
years,  and  has  participated  in  many  of  them. 

It  is  a  proud  reflection  to  believe  that  one  hun- 
dred years  heuce  our  descendants  will  be  stand- 
ing within  the  venerated  precincts  of  our  Order, 
and  celebrating  the  second  Centennial  of  its  exist- 
ence. 

We  have  here  men  from  all  sections  of  the 
country,  who  not  only  believe  that  the  anniver- 
sary of  our  Independence  should  be  celebrated,  so 
as  to  keep  alive  the  fires  of  patriotism  amongst 
our  people,  but  who  are  desirous  of  paying  their 
tribute  to  the  many  great  names  that  have  illus- 
trated the  century  ofour  Order's  existence. 


16  Tammany  Society. 

This  Society  in  its  past  can  point  to  names  more 
illustrious  than  any  borne  upon  the  rolls  of  any 
other  Society  extant  in  this  country.  Governors 
of  States,  United  States  Senators,  Congressmen, 
and  prominent  citizens  from  every  station  in  life 
are  proudly  borne  upon  its  tablets  I  do  not 
know  that  it  is  wise  for  me  to  further  detain  you 
from  participation  in  the  feast  of  reason  which  has 
been  prepared  for  you  by  the  committee  in  charge 
of  these  ceremonies,  and  I  therefore,  brethren  and 
fellow  citizens,  bid  you  welcome  within  this  tem- 
ple on  this  memorable  day. 

After  music  by  the  band,  the  Tammany  Glee 
(1lub  sang  All  Hail  this  Glorious  Morn,"  a 
quartette,  composed  especially  fur  the  occasion. 
Senator  Jacob  A.  Cantor  then  read  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence,  which  was  listened  to  with 
attention,  and  received  with  great  applause. 

The  Tammany  Glee  Club  sang  the  quartette, 
u  Columbia  We  Love  Thee,"  after  which  Mrs.  C. 
H.  Clarke  and  Mrs.  C.  F.  Anderson,  sang  the 
44 Venetian  Boat  Song,"  which  was  received  with 
loud  and  long  applause. 

Grand  Sachem  Flack  then  introduced  for  the 
first  long  talk,  Hon.  AY.  Bourke  Cockran.  The 


SECRETARY,  TIIOS.   E.  CII.ROV. 
COMMISSIONER  OF  l'UHLIC  WORKS,  CITY  OF  NEW 


Celebration,   1889.  17 

distinguished  orator  was  greeted  with  hearty  ap- 
plause and  cheers.  When  order  was  restored  he 
spoke  as  follows  : 

Address  of  Hox.  W.  Bourke  Cockran. 

Grand  Sachems.  Members  and  Guests  of 
Our  Society  : — In  celebrating  the  centennial  an- 
niversary of  the  foundation  of  our  Government  we 
celebrated  the  triumph  of  an  idea,  the  success  of  a 
principle,  the  vindication  of  justice,  the  demon- 
stration of  popular  capacity,  popular  virtue  and 
popular  patriotism.  In  celebrating  the  Centennial 
Anniversary  of  our  Society,  we  celebrate  the  en- 
during strength;  and  triumph  and  vigor,  of  the 
most  potent  force  which  helped  to  mould  our 
infant  Government  into  a  Democratic  Republic, 
whose  foundations  are  laid  in  popular  virtue,  and 
whose  perpetuity  must  depend  upon  the  patriot- 
ism and  capacity  of  our  citizens. 

In  the  success  of  this  Government  we  behold  the 
dream  of  the  philosopher  realized,  the  pretences 
of  aristocracy  refuted,  the  excuse  for  monarchy 
exploded,  the  dignity  of  the  human  race  vindicat- 
ed, and  liberty  in  its  broadest  sense  made  tin4 
birthright  of  mankind.    (Applause  ) 

During  the  past  two  months  the  history  of  our 
country  and  its  future  destiny  have  been  discussed 


18 


Tammany  Society. 


hj  orators,  by  poets,  and  newspapers.  Some  have 
exulted  in  the  boundless  wealth  which  we  have 
amassed;  some,  who  fancied  that  they  discovered 
a  decay  in  popular  spirit,  bemoaned  the  deg- 
radation of  this  generation,  while  others  pro- 
fessed to  entertain  gloomy  apprehensions  of  the 
influence  of  corporate  wealth  upon  the  future 
of  our  Government.  Now,  if  boundless  wealth 
were  our  sole  possession,  we  might  well  share 
the  dismal  apprehensions  which  seem  to  have 
tinged  with  funereal  gloom  the  oratory  of  the  late 
Centennial.  Better  the  sterile  rock  and  the  sandy 
shore,  better  the  bleak  plain  and  the  barren 
mountain,  with  freedom  to  act  and  think,  to 
worship  God  according  to  conscience,  to  pursue 
such  happiness  as  labor  and  virtue  might  attain, 
than  the  fairest  fields  and  the  richest  pastures,  the 
stateliest  palaces  and  the  wealthiest  cities,  where 
freedom  is  circumscribed  and  liberty  is  denied 
the  sons  of  men.  (Applause.)  The  spontaneous 
enthusiasm  which  robed  this  city  in  the  emblems  of 
joy  two  months  ago,  did  not  spring  from  the  sense 
of  gratification  at  the  possession  of  mere  substan- 
tial wealth.  It  was  not  based  upon  the  conscious- 
ness that  every  man  can  here  obtain  bread 
through  the  richness  of  our  soil  and  the  generous 
bounty  of  our  climate.    It  sprang  from  the  grate- 


Celebration,  1889 . 


V.) 


ful  souse  of  the  people  who  felt  that  the  Govern- 
ment whose  continued  existence  they  celebrated 
was  theirs,  theirs  for  good  or  evil,  theirs  to  main- 
tain, improve  or  destroy,  theirs  to  return  a  grate- 
ful and  generous  harvest  for  every  political  seed 
that  might  be  sown,  proving  by  all  its  strength 
and  all  its  merits  that  the  divine  origin  of  power  is 
not  in  the  privilege  of  a  class  or  the  might  of  a 
king,  but  in  the  virtue,  the  intelligence,  and  the 
patriotism  of  an  entire  people.  (Applause.) 

Confidence  in  popular  capacity  and  popular 
virtue  is  the  corner-stone  of  a  free  government,  as 
it  is  the  underlying  principle  upon  which  this  So- 
ciety is  founded.  The  motto  which  we  display  in 
a  thousand  places  "Civil  Liberty  the  Glory  of 
Mankind,''  presupposes  the  capacity  of  the  citi- 
zens to  maintain  their  freedom  and  to  enjoy  its 
blessings.  If  under  the  inlluence  of  institutions 
which  permit  every  man  to  acquire  wealth  and 
guarantee  him  security  in  its  enjoyment,  we  have 
seen  the  desert  reclaimed,  the  forest  cleared,  and 
the  rivers  and  the  lakes  made  the  highway  of  a 
prosperous  commerce,  it  is  equally  true  that  if 
corruption  prevail  amongst  the  people,  liberty 
would  become  a  blighting  curse,  subversive  of 
order  and  paralizing  to  industry.  (Applause.) 

This  Society  has  been  founded  to  protect  demo- 


20  Tammany  Society. 

oratic  institutions,  because  its  founders  believed 
that  freedom  was  essential  to  universal  happiness, 
that  without  it  there  can  be  neither  prosperity  nor 
content.  The  battle  which  this  society  has  waged  in. 
behalf  of  popular  rights  for  a  century  is  as  old  as 
civilization  itself.  Ever  since  men  have  dwelt 
together  under  social  laws  the  measure  of  power 
that  could  be  safely  entrusted  to  the  people  has- 
been  a  burning  and  unsettled  question  among 
philosophers  and  statesmen.  Some  have  insisted 
that  all  governmental  power  should  be  confined 
to  the  hands  of  those  who  were  possessed  of 
property  and  of  education,  while  others  con- 
tended that  a  single  ruler  would  be  under  less 
temptation  to  oppress  the  people  in  order  to- 
gratify  his  own  avarice.  The  first  believed  in  an 
aristocratic  government,  the  latter  in  a  monarchy. 
Both  systems  have  been  tried  and  both  have 
failed.  The  framers  of  our  Constitution  rejected 
the  aristocratic  and  monarchical  principles,  and 
founded  a  Republic.  The  growing  intelligence  of 
the  people  made  that  Republic  a  pure  Democracy,, 
and  if  we  are  asked  to  describe  the  fruits  of  the 
experiment  we  may  point  to  the  vast  expanse  of 
our  country  and  say  with  exultant  pride.  "  Look 
around."  In  the  sublime  spectacle  which  will 
meet  the  eyes  of  our  critics  will  be  found  the- 


SACHEM,  W.  BOURKE  COCK  RA  X. 


Celebration,  1889. 


21 


answer  to  their  question.  They  will  behold 
abundance,  order,  liberty  and  content,  laws  dic- 
tated by  public  opinion  and  obeyed  by  universal 
consent;  a  million  breasts  ready  to  withstand  an 
assault  upon  the  Republic,  a  thousand  hands  out- 
stretched to  seize  an  offender  against  her  statutes, 
the  soldiers  of  the  Nation  tilling  the  soil  and 
directing  the  workshops,  our  streets  unencum- 
bered by  military  uniforms  or  material  of  war, 
neither  fortress  nor  arsenal  casting  its  grim 
shadow  across  the  fields,  the  home  on  the  hill- 
side and  the  cottage  in  the  valley,  the  bulwark 
of  the  Nation's  safety,  her  security  from  domes- 
tic riot,  the  source  from  which  hosts  would  issue 
at  the  bugle  call  of  danger  to  defend  her  shores, 
to  man  her  vessels,  to  repel  invasion,  to  wipe 
out  in  the  blood  of  her  foes  any  insult  that  might 
be  offered  to  her  Hag.  (Applause.) 

But  it  has  been  said  that  this  generation  is  a 
degraded  one.  that  the  people  have  become  aban- 
doned to  sordid  and  ignoble  aims.  If  this  be  true 
then  the  end  of  our  Government  is  already  in 
sight.  A  monarchy  may  be  corrupt  and  it  may 
survive  for  generations  ;  it  may  be  oppressive 
and  yet  people  will  submit  to  it  lor  centuries,  but 
in  a  Republic  the  absence  of  virtue  means  anar- 
chy.   The  exercise  of  extensive   powers  by  a 


22  Tammany  Society. 

licentious  populace  breeds  disorders  immediate, 
immeasurable,  irredeemable.  There  is  not  in  his- 
tory an  instance  of  decay  in  a  popular  govern- 
ment which  has  ever  been  arrested.  Once  en- 
tered upon  the  downward  path  the  progress  of  a 
Republic  to  ruin  is  headlong,  irresistable,  inevita- 
ble. If,  therefore,  this  generation  of  American 
citizens  be  corrupt,  degraded  and  unpatriotic, 
government  of  the  people,  by  the  people,  and  for 
the  people,  is  already  an  ignominious  failure, 
whose  final  ruin  may  be  delayed  but  cannot  be 
averted. 

To  any  student  of  history  it  is  impossible  to 
fathom  the  reasons  which  have  inspired  the 
gloomy  prophecies  which  have  recently  became 
abundant  throughout  the  country.  This  is  not 
a  degenerate  age.  The  Republic  of  1889  is  im- 
measurably superior  to  the  Republic  of  1789. 
in  every  moral,  as  well  as  in  every  material 
sense.  Her  people  are  better,  and  more  en- 
lightened The  generation  which  witnessed  the 
organization  of  this  Government,  honored  things 
which  we  despise,  reverenced  men  whom  we  re- 
gard as  infamous,  submitted  to  exactions  which 
to-day  a  million  swords  would  leap  from  their 
scabbards  to  resent.  You  saw  by  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence  which  has  just  been  read, 


Celebration,  1889.  23 


that  the  American  Colonies  did  not  revoll  from 
the  British  Crown  because  they  regarded  monarchy 
an  indefensible  outrage  upon  the  rights  of  the 
people.  They  submitted  to  royal  arrogance  un- 
til it  took  the  form  of  oppression,  such  as  has 
been  described  in  the  glowing  words  which 
you  have  heard,  and  which  have  become  immor- 
tal in  the  history  of  nations.  The  American 
Colonist  boasted  of  loyalty  to  a  King.  The  Ameri- 
can Freeman  would  scorn  to  bend  his  knee  to  a 
worthless  profligate  because  he  happened  to  wear 
a  band  of  gold  around  his  brow.  (Applause.) 
The  Colonists  for  centuries  reverenced  Kings 
whom  we  would  to-day  confine  in  a  penitentiary. 
Is  it,  indeed,  a  sign  of  decay  that  men  prefer  to 
live  under  institutions  supported  by  their  own 
valor  and  their  own  wisdom,  and  refuse  to  confer 
power  upon  any  man  except  the  officer  chosen 
by  their  own  suffrage  ?  Are  they  inferior  to  the 
men  who  boasted  of  loyalty  to  a  King  who  quar- 
tered his  mistress  upon  the  public  treasury  and 
permitted  prostitutes  to  traffic  in  the  benefices  of 
a  church?  Oh,  no  !  This  is  not  a  degraded  or 
degenerate  age.  This  is  an  age  of  progress,  an 
age  of  liberty,  and  an  age  of  enlightenment.  The 
glory  of  this  Republic  is  a  robust  manhood,  which 
•encourages    virtue    and    condemns  indecency. 


24  Tammany  Society. 

which  reverences  law  and  despises  the  pomp  and 
pageant  which  are  the  gewgaws  of  royal  power. 

It  may  be  that  the  absence  of  ceremony  in  a 
popular  government  should  offend  the  sensibili- 
ties of  those  who  think  that  virtue,  like  wealth, 
should  be  hereditary.  In  the  very  height  of  our 
Centennial  celebration  we  heard  the  administra- 
tion of  Andrew  Jackson  stigmatized  as  vulgar  ; 
but  to  Democrats  and  christians  it  would  seem 
as  if  the  simplicity  and  sturdy  integrity  of  that 
American  President  were  immeasurably  superior 
to  the  gilded  court  that  surrounded  George  IV., 
which  hailed  him  as  the  first  gentleman  of  Europe, 
and  treated  as  sacred  the  person  of  a  forger,  a 
thief,  a  bigamist,  a  liar,  a  scoundrel  and  a  cheat- 
(Continued  applause.)  If  it  be  vulgar  to  prefer 
decency  and  simplicity,  virtue  and  integrity  to 
plunder  and  villain}",  royalty  and  profligacy, 
then,  indeed,  are  the  American  people  hope- 
lessly and  virtuously  vulgar.  Now,  fellow  citi- 
zens, need  we,  in  this  Centennial  year,  entertain 
apprehensions  from  any  source  ?  (A  voice — 
"No.")  The  substantial  success  of  our  Repub- 
lic cannot  be  obscured  by  the  words  of  the 
ignorant  and  the  sneers  of  the  thoughtless.  Its 
glorious  history  confounds  our  enemies  and  re- 
futes their  slanders.    The  prosperity  of  the  peo- 


GRAM)  SACHEM,  JAMES  A.  FLACK. 

SHERIFF  OF  THE  CITY  AND  COUNTY  OF  NEW  YOF 


Celebration,  1889, 


25 


pie,  the  universal  obedience  to  law,  the  general 
content,  the  security  of  our  public  obligations,  all 
attest  the  vitality  of  the  Republic  and  the  intel- 
ligence and  patriotism  of  the  people. 

We  have  heard  that  there  is  danger  from  pluto- 
cratic tendencies,  danger  from  the  growth  of  cor- 
porate influences,  but  these  very  fears  which  are 
professed  are  themselves  the  striking  signs  of  an 
awakening  of  public  opinion  which  will  deal  with 
this  wisely  and  effectively  as  they  have  dealt  with 
every  danger  which  has  arisen  in  the  history  of 
our  country.  (Applause.)  It  is  the  glory  of  this 
Nation  that  this  government  has  always  displayed 
a  statesmanship  of  the  common  people  which  has 
surmounted  every  difficulty,  solved  every  danger 
and  embarrassment  which  has  arisen  in  the  path- 
way of  our  progress.  History  shows  that  this  in- 
fant Republic  was  nurtured,  tended  and  strength- 
ened by  the  wisdom  of  its  citizens.  We  have  seen 
its  infancy  beset  by  poverty  and  distress.  To-day 
we  behold  it  riding  securely  anchored  in  the 
strength  of  its  citizens  and  in  the  respect  of  the 
civilized  world.  We  have  seeu  it  deal  with  every 
public  question  in  a  spirit  of  sincerity  and  justice, 
Which  discarded  the  subtle  traditions  of  foreign 
diplomacy  and  foreign  statecraft  and  suppressed 
danger  without  leaving  behind  it  the  traces  of  dis- 


26  Tammany  Society. 

honor  or  of  injustice.  We  have  seen  it  while  it 
was  still  young  strong  enough  to  resist  aggression 
and  repel  invasion.  As  it  grew  we  beheld  it 
strengthen  the  bonds  of  union  which  at  one  time 
seemed  ready  to  fall  apart.  We  have  seen  it 
assert  the  sovereignty  of  the  Government  against 
open  resistance  in  the  field;  we  have  seen  it  beat 
down  the  arms  of  secession;  we  have  seen  it  scat- 
ter the  forces  of  disunion;  we  have  seen  it  march 
to  security  through  smoking  villages  and  burning 
towns,  wasted  fields  and  ruined  homes;  we  have 
seen  its  victory  complete  and  decisive  without  the 
stain  of  blood  or  without  an  act  of  vengeance;  we 
have  seen  its  conquering  hand  stayed  in  the  hour 
of  victory;  we  have  never  seen  it  fall  in  vengeance 
upon  anyone.  We  have  not  conquered  territory, 
but  we  have  regained  the  hearts  that  became 
alienated  from  us.  We  have  established  a  re-united 
nation,  solved  every  financial  difficulty  that  arose 
through  a  cruel  and  embarrassing  war,  and  if  to- 
day peril  again  menaced  our  shores,  it  would  find 
the  North  and  the  South,  not  in  hostile  array,  but 
shoulder  to  shoulder,  ready  to  mingle  their  blood 
in  one  common  stream  in  defence  of  their  common 
country.    (Prolonged  applause.) 

No  danger  to  our  country  can  ever  become 
serious  while  the  power  to  repress  it  remains  in 


Celebration,  1889 1 


27 


the  hands  of  the  people.  Plutocracy,  corporate 
aggression,  can  all  be  curbed,  resisted  and  over- 
come while  tlx4  hand  of  the  citizen  is  armed  with 
the  weapon  of  the  ballot.  (Applause.)  To  defend 
popular  suffrage,  to  guard  the  integrity  of  the  bal- 
lot, has  been  the  mission  of  this  Society,  from 
which  it  has  never  swerved  for  a  century.  Its 
mission  has  been  to  preserve  those  features  of 
popular  government  which  have  survived  for  a 
hundred  years*,  and  if  the  Government  is  glorious, 
durable,  invincible,  then  the  merits  of  this  Society 
stand  established  and  demonstrated.  It  was  or- 
ganized to  withstand  the  insidious  assaults  of  those 
who  sought  to  give  an  aristocratic  complexion  to 
this  Government.  With  the  adoption  of  our  Con- 
stitution the  struggle  between  Aristocracy  and 
Democracy  had  not  been  decided:  it  had  only 
been  pos1  poned.  The  friends  of  limited  monarchy 
believed  that  in  its  actual  operation  the  Constitu- 
tion would  develop  into  a  strongly  centralized 
Government.  They  took  confidence  from  the 
provisions  which  seemed  to  remove  certain  offi- 
cers from  the  control  of  the  people.  They  en- 
couraged reverence  for  hereditary  distinctions. 
Orders  of  nobility  were  prohibited  by  onr  Consti- 
tution, but  they  sought  to  organize  them  outside 
of  the  law.      The  Society   of  the  Cincinnati  was 


28  Tammany  Society. 

founded,  the  membership  of  which  was  confined 
to  the  sons  and  descendants  of  the  officers  of 
the  Revolutionary  Army.  The  lurid  flames  of 
the  French  Revolution,  which  threatened  to  en- 
gulf and  destroy  all  the  social  institutions  of 
Europe,  alarmed  the  timid  and  emboldened  the 
Aristocrats.  They  declared  that  popular  con- 
trol of  the  government  meant  the  rule  of  the  igno- 
rant and  the  vicious;  and  they  asserted  that  dis- 
order and  riot  would  be  its  baneful  but  inevitable 
fruit.  The  Executive  assumed  powers  which  were 
never  contemplated  by  the  States  which  had 
assented  to  the  Constitution,  and  the  enactment 
of  the  Alien  and  Sedition  laws  seemed  to  mark 
the  beginning  of  a  system  which  would  make  the 
President  a  virtual  dictator,  exercising  arbitrary 
powers  over  the  lives  and  liberties  of  the  citizens. 

At  that  time,  while  the  country  seemed  to  be 
marching  headlong  towards  a  personal  govern- 
ment, a  few  patriots  determined  that  democratic 
institutions  should  not  be  destroyed  without  a 
vigorous  resistance.  They  organized,  one  hundred 
years  ago,  this  Society,  that  its  principles  might  be 
the  rock  on  which  freedom  should  be  built;  that  its 
meeting-place  should  be  a  beacon  to  the  liberty- 
loving  all  over  the  land:  that  it  should  itself 
remain  forever  a  temple  of  free  discussion,  lree 


SACHEM,  JAMES  J  SLEVIN. 

REGISTER  OF  THE  CITY  AND  COUNTY  OF  NEW  YORK . 


Celebration,  1889. 


29 


thought,  and  free  government.  They  prescribed 
no  test  of  membership  other  than  an  expression 
of  devotion  to  Democratic  principles,  and  a  reso- 
lution to  defend  and  protect  a  republican  form  of 
government.  They  organized  in  the  month  of 
May,  but  the  society  has  always  held  its  celebra- 
tion on  the  natal  day  of  the  Republic.  It  has  al- 
ways labored  to  make  that  Constitution  which  was 
the  outcome  of  the  noble  Declaration  which  lias 
been  read  upon  this  platform,  and  which  has  been 
read  within  hearing  of  the  members  of  this  Society 
on  the  4th  of  July  of  every  year  for  a  century,  the 
beginning  of  a  government  free  and  durable,  just 
and  strong,  glorious  and  progressive,  (applause), 
and  we  celebrate  its  Centennial  Anniversary  on 
the  day  which  has  always  been  sacred  in  its 
annals. 

Well  may  we  feel  that  the  contest  which  we 
have  waged  for  one  hundred  years  is  still  before 
us,  and  still  unsettled.  Well  may  we  bind  our- 
selves to  protect  the  principles  which  were  cher- 
ished by  the  founders  of  the  Tammany  Society. 
The  danger  to  this  Republic  is  not  from  any 
source  which  is  usually  described  in  public  dis- 
cussion, ft  comes  from  the  unceasing  and  insidi- 
ous assaults  of  the  rich  and  the  powerful,  those  who 
distrust  the  people — upon  the  political  privileges 


30  Tammany  Society. 

of  the  masses.  Against  that  unceasing  hostility  this 
Society  must  ever  stand,  if  she  be  true  to  her  mis- 
sion. The  hatred  of  the  foes  of  popular  govern- 
ment is  hers  by  inheritance  and  by  tradition.  She 
was  hated  and  reviled  by  the  Federalist  of  the  last 
century  with  the  same  vehemence  with  which  she 
is  abused  and  condemned  by  the  Mugwump  and 
the  Republican  of  to-day.  She  has  battled  for 
liberty  against  assaults  similar  to  those  which  we 
can  discover  in  much  of  the  projected  legislation 
which  is  levelled  against  the  integrity  of  the  fran- 
chise and  the  power  of  the  populace.  Well  may 
we  resolve  that  upon  the  platform  which  she  has 
built,  and  which  she  has  never  suffered  to  become 
impaired,  during  her  existence,  we  will  stand  for 
all  time  to  come,  resolute  in  the  assertion  of  our 
political  faith. 

Her  influence  upon  the  destiny  of  this  Govern- 
ment has  been  immeasurable.  She  was  the  fear- 
less, sleepless,  implacable  foe  of  the  Federalist 
and  of  the  aristocrat.  She  denounced  and  con- 
demned the  Alien  and  Sedition  laws.  She  braved 
the  resentment  of  Adams,  she  supported  and 
maintained  the  Democratic  opinions  of  Jeffer- 
son. (Applause)  She  refused  to  be  scared  by 
the  phantom  of  anarchy,  firmly  believing  in  the 
integrity  arid  capacity  of  the  people.    She  un- 


Celebration,  1889. 


31 


furled  the  banner  of  Democracy  to  the  breeze; 
shr  stimulated,  encouraged  and  inspired  t  lie  hopes 
of  the  patriots,  and  in  the  election  of  1800,  she 
beheld  the  triumph  of  her  principles  and  (he  suc- 
cess of  her  labors.  The  inauguration  of  Thomas 
Jefferson  settled  forever  the  political  complexion 
of  this  country.  The  growth  of  popular  power 
in  all  the  States,  the  extension  of  the  franchise  to 
every  citizen,  the  choice  of  the  Chief  Executive 
by  the  direct  vote  of  the  populace,  are  all  the 
direct  and  legitimate  fruits  of  that  decisive  Demo- 
cratic victory  won  by  Tammany  Hall  in  that 
fierce  contest,  of  winch  she  was  the  leading  spirit, 
the  guiding,  the  moving,  the  inspiring  force  to 
patriots  throughout  the  country.  (Applause) 

Fellow-Citizens,  if  the  Federalist  has  despaired, 
if  the  aristocrat  no  longer  professes  his  faith,  let 
us  remember  what  our  achievements  have  been; 
let  us  preserve  forever  the  rights  which  we  have 
won.  Look  at  our  Constitution  as  it  stands,  and 
conceive  what  it  was  intended  to  be  by  its  train- 
ers. The  Constitution  \\a^  but  the  frame-work  of 
a  Government.  In  operation  it  has  become  en- 
larged, modified  and  expanded.  All  its  popular 
features  remain  undisturbed.  Every  barrier  that 
it  -ought  to  erect  against  popular  power  has  been 
beaten  into  dust.     Its  representative  branches 


32  Tammany  Society. 

remain  to-day  what  its  framers  intended  them  to 
be.  The  Electoral  College,  which  was  intended  to 
remove  the  President  from  the  choice  of  the  peo- 
ple, has  shrunk  into  a  mere  recording  instrument 
of  the  popular  will.  The  President,  whom  it  was 
intended  to  exalt  be}^ond  the  necessity  of  cultivat- 
ing popular  opinion,  is  to-day  the  most  obedient 
servant  of  an  electorate,  composed  of  every  citi- 
zen of  the  Republic.  This  democratization  of  our 
government  is  the  labor  of  Tammany  Hall.  It  is 
by  this  work  and  these  fruits  that  it  is  to  be 
judged.  If  the  world  is  benefited  by  the  growth 
of  democracy  and  the  spread  of  republican  ideas, 
then  may  Tammany  Hall  claim  to  be  the  best  as 
well  as  the  oldest  survival  of  all  the  forces  that 
helped  to  wield  this  Government  into  a  Demo- 
cratic Republic.  (Applause.) 

The  contest  for  liberty  is  with  us  still.  The 
foes  of  free  government  are  still  active.  Laws  are 
every  day  proposed  which,  under  the  specious 
name  of  reform,  are  really  levelled  against, popu- 
lar sovereignty.  The  extension  of  the  terms 
of  executive  officers  is  every  day  proposed.  The 
control  of  the  people  over  the  public  service 
is  being  steadily  abridged.  It  has  even  been 
gravely  suggested  that  the  Ex-Presidents  of  the 
Republic  should  be  made  a  privileged  class,  hold- 


Celebration,  1889. 


WW 


ing  seats  in  the  Semite  and  drawing  salaries  from 
the  public  treasury  for  life.  Against  all  these  inno- 
vations, Tammany  Hall  has  always  stood  like  a 
rock,  and  like  a  rock  she  will  ever  be  found  in  the 
pathway  of  every  person  who  seeks  to  assail  the 
integrity  of  Democratic  institutions.  We  will 
preserve  our  Government  as  it  is;  we  will  liber- 
alize it,  and  we  will  not  tamely  permit  one  tittle  of 
popular  power  to  be  circumscribed  or  destroyed. 
This  government  is  a  government  of  the  people 
just  as  good  as  popular  intelligence  can  make  it: 
suffering  from  every  evil  that  may  spring  from 
popular  vice.  Judged  by  its  fruits,  it  is  the  best 
and  the  noblest  experiment  that  ever  has  been 
made  in  the  management  of  public  affairs,  and  as 
such  we  will  preserve  it  as  long  as  the  Tam- 
many Society  is  permitted  to  exisl  and  flourish. 
That  existence  will  continue  if  she  be  true  to  her 
mission  unt  il  the  fall  ami  end  of  the  Republic 
itself.  Abused  and  condemned  she  will  always 
be.  Abuse  ami  derision  have  always  been  the 
lot  of  the  patriotic  throughout  the  world.  The 
French  patriot  who  shattered  a  throne  and  with 
untutored  hands  defended  his  fields  from  lie-  in- 
vading hosts  of  monarchical  Europe  was  de- 
nounced as  a  Sans  Cvfotte.  The  English  citizen 
who  vindicated  the  intelligence  of  Parliament  was 


34  Tammany  Society. 

ridiculed  as  a  Roundhead.  The  "  Dutch  burger  ' 
who  drove  back  into  the  sea  the  arrogance  and 
pride  of  the  Spanish  invader,  was  stigmatized  as 
a  Beggar,  and  the  Tammany  patriot,  who,  to-day 
discharges  all  his  political  duties  with  fervor  and 
enthusiasm  is  denounced  as  an  enemy  to  society. 
But  misrepresentation  and  abuse  have  never  been 
able  to  withstand  the  onward  march  of  progress- 
ive and  triumphant  Democracy.  (Applause.)  It 
will  not  avail  to  swerve  this  Society  for  one  hour 
from  the  aim  which  is  ever  before  the  eyes  of  her 
sons.  She  exults  in  the  hatred  of  her  enemies  as 
she  does  in  the  loyal  affections  of  the  Democratic 
hosts  whose  valor  has  preserved  the  Republic, 
whose  patriotism  has  saved  it  in  its  crises,  and  upon 
whose  virtue  and  capacity  its  perpetuity  must  de- 
pend. A  hundred  years  have  passed  over  her 
head,  and  though  the  skies  have  often  been  cloudy, 
though  the  winds  of  opposition  have  blown  against 
her,  though  the  storm  of  abuse  and  detraction  has 
rained  upon  her,  her  foundations  are  stronger, 
her  walls  are  firmer,  her  air  is  purer,  her  strength 
is  greater  in  this  hour  of  her  Jubilee  and  her 
Centennial,  than  it  has  ever  been  in  the  whole 
century  of  her  existence.  (Applause.) 

Liberty  is  the  precious  heritage  of  the  Ameri- 
can citizen.    As  the  most  valuable  of  his  posses- 


Celebration,  1889, 


:s5 


sions  it  is  the  one  most  Likely  to  be  invaded  and 
assailed.  Secure  from  foreign  aggression,  safe 
from  domestic  disturbance,  the  foes  of  popular 
government  are  ever  active  and  are  unceasing  in 
their  efforts  to  undermine  the  foundation  of  popu- 
lar government.  To-day  when  we  celebrate 
the  strength  winch  has  enabled  us  to  survive 
for  a  hundred  years,  we  look  down  the  long 
vista  of  history  and  behold  this  old  Society  ever 
in  the  van  of  Democratic  progress,  ever  cheering 
American  patriotism  in  days  of  darkness  and  of 
gloom.  When  a  foreign  invader  was  marching 
through  our  highways  and  Bring  our  public  build- 
ings, when  patriotism  was  disheartened  and  skulk- 
ing, treason  became  emboldened  to  emerge  from  its 
hiding  place  and  even  to  meet  in  convention,  we 
behold  in  the  dim  past  this  old  Society,  with  men 
and  money,  by  word  and  deed,  stimulating, 
strengthening,  maintaining  the  national  resistance 
to  foreign  aggression,  never  relaxing  in  its  labors 
until  our  soil  was  redeemed  from  the  pollution  of  the 
foreign  foe,  and  the  pride  and  power  of  Great 
Britain  were  humbled  in  the  dust  before  the  in- 
vincible valor  of  Andrew  Jackson  at  New  Orleans. 
Well  may  we  feel  that  this  is  the  day  upon  which 
to  form  a  rigid  resolution  never  in  the  future  to 
relax  our  watch  over  the  joints  of  our  National 


36 


Tammany  Society. 


armor,  never  to  leave  the  ramparts  of  liberty  un- 
manned. Every  assault  upon  popular  government 
should  be  withstood,  every  attempt  to  exalt  exe- 
cutive offices  beyond  the  control  of  the  people 
should  be  defeated  and  condemned.  In  defending 
the  integrity  of  Democratic  institutions,  in  guard- 
ing the  security  of  our  Republic,  in  resisting  every 
centralizing  change  and  influence,  in  defeating 
every  illiberal  and  undemocratic  change  of  our 
law,  we  strengthen  the  foundations  of  the  Repub- 
lic, we  make  of  this  Society  the  gateway  of  pro- 
gress, the  bulwark  of  order,  the  guardian  spirit  of 
those  Democratic  institutions  which  recognize  the 
truth  and  force  of  our  motto — "  Civil  Liberty,  the 
Glory  of  Mankind.    (Prolonged  cheering.) 

After  the  band  had  rendered  several  popular 
airs,  Grand  Sachem  James  A.  Flack  introduced 
United  States  Senator  James  B.  Eustis,  of  Louisi- 
ana, for  the  second  long  talk.  Senator  Eustis  was 
received  with  great  applause.    He  said  : 

Address  of  U.  S.  Senator,  James  B.  Eustis. 

Fellow  Citizens  :  When  we  celebrate  the  cen- 
tennial of  the  establishment  of  our  government 
and  of  your  society,  we  may  say  that  we  cele- 
brate the  centennial  of  the  Democratic  Party. 


Celebration,  1889. 


37 


Our  government  has  no  history  apart  from  the 
history  of  the  Democratic  party.  Their  relations 
have  been  so  closely  interwoven  that  they  have 
a  common  fame  and  a  common  destiny.  Other 
parties  have  sprung  into  being  and  have  dis- 
appeared. Other  parties  have  sought  to  establish 
a  permanent  foothold  in  the  affections  and  con- 
fidence of  the  people,  but  the  Democratic  party 
alone  can  boast  that  its  creation  was  coeval  almost 
with  the  foundation  of  the  government,  and  that 
to-day,  after  an  existence  of  nearly  one  hundred 
years,  its  supporters  constitute  a  large  majority 
of  the  voters  in  this  country,  as  was  shown  at 
the  last  presidential  election. 

Our  opponents  have  always  been  perplexed  to 
understand  how  it  is  that  the  Democratic  party 
has  survived  the  vicissitudes  of  political  fluctua- 
tions, has  withstood  the  shock  of  more  than 
twenty  presidential  battles,  has  never  disbanded 
its  organization  in  the  face  of  crashing  defeats, 
and  is  to-day  more  compact,  numerically  stronger, 
more  determined,  aggressive,  defiant  and  sanguine 
than  ever.  During  its  phenomenal  career,  with 
all  its  dissensions  and  schisms,  it  has  never  felt 
the  terror  of  approaching  death.  No  party  will 
ever  live  to  write  its  epitaph.  As  by  the  power 
of  its  irresistible  earnestness  it  destroyed  the 


38  Tammany  Society. 

Federalist,  the  Whig  and  the  Know-Nothing 
parties,  so  it  will,  ultimately,  dislodge  and  de- 
stroy the  Republican  party. 

The  reason  why  the  Democratic  party  has, 
during  such  a  long  period,  continued  to  command 
the  confidence  and  support  of  such  a  large  follow- 
ing is  plainly  manifest.    It  represents  the  true 
principles   of    popular,   representative,  consti- 
tutional government,  and  is  the  only  party  which 
lias  ever  existed  in  this  country  that  is  honestly 
in  close  sympathy  with  the  interests  and  aspira- 
tions of  the  great  masses  of  the  people.    All  its 
measures,  policies,  methods   and  practices  re- 
present popular  sentiment  and  popular  behests. 
State  rights  and  federal  rights  each  within  their 
proper  sphere,  each  within  the  limitations  desig- 
nated by  the  States  in  the  Federal  Constitution, 
represent  the  fundamental  Democratic  faith.   It  is 
the  only  party  that  has  ever  shown  its  unreserved 
and  absolute  confidence  in  the  capacity  of  the 
people  for  self-government.    Its  first  great  con- 
tention was  with  the  Federalist  party.  That 
party   represented  the  aristocratic,  monocratic 
monarchical  tendencies  of  that  period.    It  dis- 
trusted popular  government,   and  felt  no  con- 
fidence in  the  stability  of  republican  institu- 
tions.    It  looked  upon  our  representative,  con- 


Celebration,  1889. 


30 


stitutional  government  as  an  experiment  which 
they  were  willing  to  attempt,  but  which  they 
believed  would  result  in  disastrous  failure. 
They  looked  upon  the  popular  uprising  in 
republican  France  with  horror,  and  felt  an  ill- 
concealed  yearning  for  English  aristocracy  and 
monarchical  institutions.  At  this  crisis  the 
republic  was  in  serious  danger,  but,  fortunately, 
the  Democracy  furnished  a  leader  wdio  understood 
the  sympathies  and  designs  of  this  aristocratic 
party.  Thomas  Jefferson,  the  greatest  tribune  of 
the  people  this  country  lias  ever  produced, 
aroused  the  masses  of  the  people  to  a  realizing 
sense  of  the  danger  threatening  their  liberties, 
and  by  his  audacious  and  sagacious  leadership 
destroyed  the  Federalist  party. 

But  Federalism  has  never  been  wholly  eradi- 
cated in  this  country.  Its  poisonous  germs  of 
distrust  of  popular  government  still  linger  in  the 
infected  household  of  the  Republican  party.  The 
overthrow  of  the  Federalist  party  by  the  triumph- 
ant Democracy  is  a  noted  epoch  in  the  history  of 
our  party.  From  lather  to  son  its  proud  tradi- 
tions have  been  handed  down,  and  its  lessons 
have  taken  deep  root  in  the  popular  mind.  This 
first  victory  of  the  masses  of  the  people  is  bearing 
fruit  to-day:  and  it  is  not  surprising  that  Thomas 


40  Tammany  Society. 

J efferson  s  memory  is  idolized  by  that  great  army 
of  Democratic  voters  who  have  inherited  the  prin- 
ciples which  guided  him  in  that  memorable 
struggle.  Discarding  the  most  vicious  tenets  of 
the  Federalist  party,  the  Whig  party  appeared  in 
the  political  arena  to  challenge  the  Democratic 
party  upon  the  issue  of  economic  questions  then 
agitating  the  country.  It  was  well  equipped  for 
the  combat,  being  led  by  some  of  the  ablest 
statesmen  of  that  day.  Its  leaders  were  Clay, 
Webster  and  Clayton.  It  boasted  of  its  respect- 
ability and  maintained  its  pretentions  against  the 
Democratic  party  with  consummate  ability.  It 
considered  the  Democratic  party  as  a  mob,  a 
multitudinous  rabble  led  by  unscrupulous  dema- 
gogues. One  of  its  few  presidential  successes 
was  by  reason  of  the  military  fame  of  its  nominee, 
General  Taylor,  who  had  won  his  laurels  in  the 
Mexican  war,  which  was  a  Democratic  measure 
bitterly  opposed  by  the  Whig  party.  The  cause 
of  its  repeated  defeats  was  that,  unlike  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  it  was  never  in  sympathy  with  the 
masses  of  the  people ;  it  never  advocated 
measures  to  promote  the  interests  of  the  poorer 
classes  ;  it  was  indifferent  to  popular  aspirations, 
and  scornful  of  popular  mandates ;  in  other 
words,  it  had  no  confidence  in  the  rightfulness  and 
capacity  of  the  people  to  govern  themselves. 


SACHEM,  BERNARD  F.  MARTIN 


Celebration,  1889. 


41 


It  has  always  been  the  mission  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party  to  protect  the  people  against  the 
overshadowing  influence  and  dangerous  predomi- 
nance of  the  money  power.  Our  party  has 
never  sought  to  array  classes  against  classes, 
which  was  a  favorite  scheme  of  the  ancient  Demo- 
cracies, and  Led  to  their  destruction.  The  Demo- 
cratic party  has  never  waged  war  against  wealth. 
It  is  only  when  wealth  has  been  misused,  has 
sought  to  establish  its  political  ascendency,  to  con- 
trol the  Government;  to  imperil  the  liberties  of 
the  people,  to  corrupt  the  citizen,  to  undermine 
public  morality,  that  the  Democratic  party  has 
marshaled  its  hosts  to  battle  against  the  greatest 
danger  that  can  threaten  the  republic.  History 
teaches  that  a  government  can  survive  the  cor- 
ruption of  leader-,  but  a  popular  government  can 
never  survive  the  corruption  of  the  people.  You 
will  remember  the  serious  contest,  presenting  this 
issue,  between  the  Democratic  and  the  Whig- 
parties.  I  refer  to  the  attempted  re-charter  of 
the  United  States  Bank  under  the  Administration 
of  Andrew  Jackson.  Thai  corporation  through 
its  money  power,  undertook  to  control  the  (Jov- 
ernment.    Its  methods  of  corruption  were  not  as 

audacious  and  shameless  as  those  exhibited  by  the 

combination  of  manufacturers  at  the  las!  presiden- 


42  Tammany  Society. 

tial  election.  It  did  not,  as  they  did,  unblushingly 
advertise  their  deliberate  purpose  to  purchase  a 
presidential  election.  Its  prostitution  of  popular 
suffrage  was  not  so  glaring  as  to  invite  the  stern 
denunciation  of  its  own  supporters.  Judges  of 
courts,  ministers  of  the  Gospel,  men  of  all  classes, 
irrespective  of  party,  did  not  feel  called  upon  to 
denounce  in  scathing  terms  this  political  debauch- 
ery, which  has  shocked  the  conscience  of  the 
American  people.  Still  the  United  States  Bank 
presented  the  same  danger,  and  defied  the  masses 
of  the  people  with  the  same  arrogance,  and  used 
the  same  threats  as  were  heard  at  the  last  presi- 
dential election.  The  people  were  to  be  forced 
to  obey  the  money  power.  They  were  to  be  cor- 
rupted for  the  benefit  of  the  richer  class.  Jack- 
son and  Benton  led  the  Democratic  party.  They 
throttiled  that  monster  political  machine,  the 
United  States  Bank,  overthrew  the  money  power, 
saved  the  liberties  of  the  people,  and  the  Whig 
party  retired  from  the  field  demoralized,  dis- 
mayed and  defeated. 

In  a  single  campaign  the  Democratic  party 
destroyed  the  Know-Nothing  party.  The  Demo- 
cratic party  has  never  tolerated  any  discrimina- 
tion against  our  foreign-born  citizens.  Welcomed 
to  our  shores  to  share  our  citizenship,  invited  to 


Celebration,  hSS!i. 


43 


share  our  destiny,  the  Democratic  party  has 
always  sought  to  establish  between  them  and 
native  citizens  a  common  American  brotherhood. 
When  their  rights  as  American  citizens  have 
been  assailed,  at  home  or  abroad,  the  Democratic 
party  has  never  failed  to  vindicate  their  rights  to 
equal  protection.  It  was  a  Democratic  Secretary 
of  State,  William  L.  Marcy  of  New  York,  who 
in  1853  sent  a  dispatch  touching  the  rights  of 
foreign-born  citizens,  that  startled  every  throne 
in  Europe.  The  Republican  party  of  to-day 
professes  friendship  for  our  foreign-born  citizen-, 
but  its  record  of  Federalist  and  Whig  ancestry 
and  Know-Nothing  affiliation  betray  its  insincerity. 
If  you  scratch  a  prominent  Republican,  you  will 
find  either  a  Federalist,  a  blue-blooded  Whig,  a 
rank  Know-Nothing,  a  disbeliever  in  the  capacity 
of  the  people  for  self-government  or  a  worship- 
per of  the  aristocracy  of  wealth. 

Two  events  in  the  history  of  the  Democratic 
party  should  not  pass  unnoticed:  one  is  the  con- 
tribution to  the  wealth,  power  and  prosperity  of 
our  country,  by  its  acquisition  of  territory,  the 
other  is  its  efforts  since  the  war  to  extinguish  sec- 
tionalism in  our  politics.  Before  the  meeting  of 
the  next  Congress,  we  will  have  forty-two  States 
in  the  Union;  that  is.  we  shall  have  added  to  the 


44  Tammany  Society. 

thirteen  original  States  twenty-nine  new  States. 
Familiar  as  you  are  with  the  history  of  our  coun- 
try, you  can  conceive  in  a  moment  what  additional 
power,  wealth,  population  and  prosperity  the 
-acquisition  of  this  vast  domain  formed  into  States 
represents.  Almost  every  foot  of  that  imperial 
domain  West  of  the  Alleghanies  was  secured  to 
the  Government  by  Democratic  statesmanship. 
Jefferson  carried  in  person  to  the  Confederate 
Congress  the  cession  from  Virginia  of  the  North- 
western territory,  and  is  the  author  of  the  ordi- 
nance of  1787,  which  provided  for  the  formation 
of  five  States.  Without  this  concession  there 
would  have  been  no  union  of  the  States. 

Jefferson,  when  President,  acquired  the  Prov- 
ince of  Louisiana,  which  to-day  is  represented  In- 
states and  territories  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
to  the  Canada  line,  including  the  Mississippi  river. 
At  the  time  that  a  Democratic  administration 
was  securing  to  the  people  this  empire,  the  Fed- 
eralists in  New  England,  in  public  meetings,  were 
denouncing  this  acquisition,  because  the  admission 
of  new  states  meant  a  diminution  of  their  power. 

The  Mexican  war  gave  us  Texas  and  our  Paci- 
fic possessions.  This  was  a  Democratic  measure 
strongly  opposed  by  the  Whig  party.  Imagine 
this  immense  territory  to-day  under  the  dominion 


SACHEM,  JOHN  McQUADE. 


Celebration,  1889, 


45 


of  England,  France.  Spain  and  Mexico,  as  it 
would  be  if  the  Democratic  party,  in  spite  of  the 
opposition,  had  not  acquired  it,  and  yon  can  form 
some  estimate  of  what  our  country  would  be  com- 
pared to  what  it  is. 

Alaska,  which  cost  one-half  of  what  Jefferson 
paid  for  the  Province  of  Louisiana,  was  ac- 
quired by  the  Republican  party.  This  I  mention 
to  give  that  party  of  progress  due  credit  for  its 
contribution  to  the  wealth,  greatness  and  power 
of  our  country  by  its  acquisition  of  territory. 

The  Democratic  party,  although  defeated  at  the 
last  election  looks  to  the  future  with  absolute  con- 
fidence. Its  conviction  it  avows  with  courage;  its 
purposes  and  aims  it  proclaims  with  frankness.  It 
advocates  as  in  the  past,  measures  which  will  pro- 
mote the  interests  of  the  people.  Its  record  is 
unstained  by  either  the  theft  or  the  purchase  of 
tli«'  Presidency.  Jt  scorns  to  obtain  power  by 
deceiving  and  corrupting  the  people.  It  does  not 
rely  upon  sectional  animosities  to  sustain  its 
vitality. 

Rejoicing  in  a  re-united  country  it  seeks  to 
bring  the  people  in  closer  bonds  of  American  fra- 
ternity. It  appeals  to  the  prejudices  and  pas- 
sions of  no  section.  Ever  watchful  of  the  peo- 
ple's rights  and  interests,  it   will  cease   to  exist 


46  Tammany  Society. 

only  when  our  Government  shall  perish,  and 
when  that  dire  day  shall  come,  this  epitaph  for 
both  will  be  written  by  sweeping  liberty:  Com- 
munis fama,  communis  mors.11 

Mrs.  C.  H.  Clarke  and  Mrs.  C.  F.  Anderson 
sang  a  duett  entitled  4i  Estudiantina,"  Matilda 
Scott  Paine  accompanying  them  on  the  piano. 
The  duett  was  finely  rendered,  and  the  efforts  of 
the  ladies  rewarded  by  a  double  encore. 

Secretary  Thomas  F.  Gilroy  being  called  away. 
John  B.  McGroldrick  read  letters  received  from 
distinguished  Democrats,  which  will  be  found 
printed  in  full  in  the  back  part  of  this  book. 

Grand  Sachem  James  A.  Flack  then  introduced 
Hon.  B.  T.  Biggs,  Governor  of  Delaware,  for  a 
short  talk. 

Governor  Biggs  is  a  tall,  spare,  elderly  gentle- 
man, with  long  white  hair,  a  keen,  intellectual 
face,  and  eyes  that  flashed  the  alternating 
enthusiasm  and  humor  of  his  address,  opened  the 
short  talks.  He  reiterated  and  intensified  the 
high  meed  of  praise  which  Senator  Eustis  had  paid 
to  Tammany.  He  conveyed  an  optimistic  view 
of  the  political  situation,  predicted  democratic 


Celebration,  ISM. 


47 


success  in  '92,  and  said  no  matter  who  the  Demo- 
cratic party  nominated  for  that  contest,  little 
Delaware  would  be  in  line  and  support  him.  But, 
he  continued,  "  Our  next  candidate  must  of  a  cer- 
tainty come  from  New  York — that  New  York 
without  which  there  is  no  America. " 

Governor  Biggs  has  no  use  for  Republicans, 
for  "trimmers"  for  Mugwumps  or  for  Civil 
Service.  As  long  as  the  two  great  parties  are 
evenly  divided,  he  says  that  there  are  brains 
enough  in  either  to  till  all  the  places,  and  that 
when  the  people  choose  their  party  at  an  election 
their  voice  is  not  for  the  leader  alone,  but  for  the 
followers.  He  described  the  "boodle  method." 
as  he  called  it,  which  gave  Delaware  an  "  acciden- 
tal "  Republican  senator,  but  promised  faithfully 
that  it  would  be  their  last  offence  in  that  direction. 
Governor  Biggs  made  as  good  an  impression  on 
the  braves  of  Tammany  in  his  "  short  talk  "  as  he 
did  upon  the  thousands  who  watched  him  ride  at 
the  head  of  the  vast  civic  parade  during  the  great 
Inaugural  Centennial,  and  he  was  cheered  to  the 
echo. 

Following  him  came  Governor  C.  W.  Wilson, 
Of  West  V  irginia,  a  tall,  slightly  built  man,  under 
the  middle  age,  with  high  forehead,  keen  blue  eyes 


48 


Tammany  Society. 


and  a  heavy  brown  mustache.  He  is  a  vehement 
speaker.  His  address  was  logical,  scholarly  and 
very  eloquent:  he  traced  the  history  of  the  two 
parties  down  from  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution 
to  the  present  time.  He  showed  the  consistenc}* 
of  Democracy  in  its  opposition  to  aristocratic  and 
centralization  tendencies  of  the  Federalists,  Whigs, 
Know-No  things  and  Republicans — different  names 
for  practically  the  same  party,  with  the  same 
principles  and  the  same  beliefs. 

Governor  Wilson  believes  that  there  is  danger 
in  the  moneyed  power. 

"  Gentlemen,"  he  said.  "I  believe  that  there  is 
a  great  deal  of  damnable  rascality  in  this  country. 
I  believe  there  is  danger  in  money  when  it  is  used 
as  a  means  to  corrupt  the  votes  of  the  people. 
That  is  the  danger  that  confronts  the  Democracy 
to-day.  It  is  the  danger  which  confronts  the 
American  people  to-day.  and  which  we  must 
make  preparations  to  tight  in  future  contests. 

Governor  Wilson  won  many  friends  by  his 
speech  and  by  his  manner,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
exercises  both  he  and  Governor  Biggs  had  a 
throng  of  prominent  Democrats  gathering  around 
them  to  offer  their  congratulations. 


SACHEM,  JOHN  COCHRANE. 


Celebration,  1889, 


40 


Congressman  B.  F.  Shively  of  Indiana,  a  tall, 
broad-shouldered,  handsome,  young  man,  with 
black  hair  and  mustache,  closed  the  short  talks 
with  a  five  minutes  speech,  in  which  he  paid  trib- 
ute to  Tammany,  or  the  place  she  held  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  Democratic  organization,  and  reiter- 
ated the  principles  of  his  partj  as  enunciated  by 
the  previous  speakers. 

It  was  nearly  two  o'clock,  and  the  audience  had 
been  in  their  seats  since  half-past  ten  and  after 
the  Glee  Club  had  sung  '  The  Sword  of  Bunker 
Hill."  and  Mrs.  Anderson  had  rendered  the 4 *  Star 
Spangled  Banner,"  in  the  chorus  of  which  all 
joined,  and  the  Glee  Club  had  rendered  "Cen- 
tennial." Grand  Sachem  Flack  closed  the  pro- 
gramme. "  Centennial  "  was  an  original  poem  by 
J.  Monroe  Anderson,  written  for  the  occasion. 
The  Grand  Sachem  invited  everybody  down  into 
the  '  cave,"  as  the  basement  of  Tammany  is 
known,  to  partake  of  refreshments.  Long  tables 
Idled  the  basement  rooms  loaded  down  with  sand- 
wiches, salads,  cold  meats,  fruits,  etc.,  and  do1 
until  nearly  five  o'clock  was  the  banquet  hall 
deserted  and  the  lull  history  <>l'  Tammany's  Cen- 
tennial ready  1<>  be  spread  on  the  pages  of  her 
history. 


Celebration,  1889. 


51 


Eeplies  to  Invitations. 


45  William  Street, 

New  York,  June  28,  1889. 

Hon.  James  A.  Flack,  Grand  Sachem  : 

Dear  Sir  : — I  am  sorry  that  I  have  already  settled 
upon  plans,  which  will  prevent  me  from  joining  in  the 
Celebration,  by  the  Tammany  Society,  of  the  One  Hun- 
dred and  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  American  Indepen- 
dence, and  the  Centennial  of  the  Tammany  Society's 
Foundation. 

Every  patriotic  American  should  rejoice  that  the  Cele- 
bration of  the  Fourth  of  July  is  still  engaged  in  with 
zest  and  enthusiasm,  and  that  lapse  of  time  does  not 
efface  the  appreciation  of  the  stupendous  fact  which 
this  Celebration  commemorates. 

And  now  that  our  country's  success  and  growth  tend 
to  demonstrate  that  the  freedom  of  man  can  be  safely 
trusted  as  the  basis  of  a  beneficent  government,  and 


52 


Tammany  Society. 


that  the  will  of  the  people,  if  freely  and  intelligently  ex- 
ercised, promises  the  greatest  national  welfare  and  hap- 
piness, our  zeal  and  enthusiasm  should  be  supple- 
mented by  calm  confidence  and  sincere  congratulation. 

But  in  the  midst  of  all  our  rejoicing,  and  notwith- 
standing our  contented  faith  in  free  institutions,  we 
should  never  forget  that  the  price  of  these  free  institu- 
tions is  eternal  vigilance  and  care.  Beneath  every 
other  sentiment  there  should  exist  a  determination  that 
individual  liberty,  as  claimed  by  the  Fathers  of  our  He- 
public,  shall  in  no  manner  be  endangered,  and  that  the 
will  of  the  people  shall  in  no  manner  be  betrayed. 

Congratulate  ourselves  as  we  may  in  our  pride  of 
American  citizenship,  and  boast  as  we  may  in  our  safe- 
ty, there  are  still  and  constantly  enemies  to  be  met  and 
vanquished  if  the  Celebration  of  the  Fourth  of  July 
is  always  to  stand  for  wholesome  freedom  and  rightly- 
directed  popular  will.  All  encroachments  of  selfish 
interests  and  the  stealthy  advance  of  every  corrupting 
influence,  must  be  met  and  exposed  if  our  people  are 
to  enjoy  the  highest  benefits  of  their  established  insti- 
tutions. 

In  this  endeavor  the  Tammany  Society,  with  its  tra- 
ditions of  one  hundred  years,  with  its  memories  of 
distinguished  and  illustrious  membership,  and  with  its 
time-honored  and  beneficent  principles,  will  continue 
to  be  a  powerful  instrumentality.  By  its  adherence  to 
the  purposes  of  its  establishment,  it  will  still  continue 
to  shield  the  people  from  error  and  misrepresentation, 
to  champion  the  cause  of  the  weak,  who  are  right, 
against  the  strong,  who  are  wrong,  and  to  strongly  aid 
in  maintaining  the  true  spirit  of  American  institutions. 
Yours  very  truly, 

GKOYEK  CLEVELAND. 


SACHEM,  THOMAS  L.  FEITNER. 


Celebration,  1889. 


53 


Executive  Mansion, 

Albany,  N.  Y.,  Juno  25,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  have  received  with  pleasure  your  letter 
of  recent  date,  conveying  to  me,  on  behalf  of  the  Tam- 
many Society  of  New  York  City,  an  invitation  to  attend 
and  address  its  Celebration  of  the  One  Hundred  and 
Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  and 
the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Founding  of  your 
Society,  on  July  4th,  next.  The  courtesy  of  your  invita- 
tion is  greatly  appreciated,  and  it  would  afford  me  much 
gratification  to  be  present.  I  regret,  however,  that 
other  engagements  already  made  for  July,  compel  me  to 
deprive  myself  of  that  pleasure,  and  to  content  myself 
with  a  most  cordial  expression  of  my  interest  in  the 
success  of  your  Society,  and  in  the  hope  that  its  pres- 
ent Celebration  of  the  Anniversary  of  American  Inde- 
pendence may  surpass  all  others,  which  have  occurred 
in  the  memorable  history  of  your  Order. 
I  remain, 

Very  truly  yours, 

DAVID  B.  HILL, 

Governor  of  New  York. 


State  of  Maryland, 
Executive  Department, 

Annapolis,  June  18,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  am  just  in  receipt  of  your  kind  invita- 
tion to  attend  the  Celebration  by  the  Tammany  Society 
of  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of 
American  Independence  at  Tammany  Hall,  on  the  com- 
ing Fourth  day  of  July. 

I  know  of  nothing  that  would  afford  me  more  pleas- 


54 


Tammany  Society. 


ure  than  to  attend  your  anniversary,  but  an  engagement 
of  long  standing  will  prevent. 

With  my  best  wishes  for  the  success  of  your  Society 
arid  that  it  may  live  to  celebrate  many  centennial  anni- 
versaries of  its  foundation. 

I  have  the  honor,  etc., 

E.  E.  JACKSON, 
Governor  of  Maryland. 


State  of  Tennessee, 
Adjutant  General's  Office, 

Nashville,  June  14,  1889. 

Dear  Sir  :  —Expressing  profoundest  acknowledgment 
of  your  honorable  invitation  to  be  pressent  and  address 
your  Society  on  the  Fourth  of  July,  I  regret  also  to  be 
compelled  to  state  my  inability  to  accept. 

Tammany  winds  up  its  hundred  years  with  a  glorious 
record.  The  history  of  the  wonderful  achievements  »of 
Democracy  is  the  history  of  Tammany — the  most  po- 
tent factor  in  their  accomplishment.  The  da}^  that 
marks  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of 
American  Independence,  and  the  One  Hundredth  recur- 
rence of  the  Birthday  of  Tammany,  finds  the  land  that 
was  a  wilderness  then  the  most  prosperous  section  on 
earth  now,  and  the  principles  that  were  then  born  and 
have  been  so  well  maintained  by  Tammany  have  re- 
sulted in  the  emancipation  of  millions  and  are  destined 
to  prevail  universally  until  all  the  nations  shall  be  free  ; 
and  that  day  will  find  Democracy  stronger  and  abler 
than  ever  to  carry  out  the  great  scheme  of  political  re- 
demption for  which  God  sent  it  into  the  world. 

Congratulating  you  and  your  Honorable  Society  on 


Celebration,  1889. 


55 


its  glorious  past* and  the  more  glorious  promise  of  its 
future,  I  beg  to  subscribe  myself, 
Very  respectfully, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

ROBT.  L.  TAYLOR, 

Governor  of  Tennessee. 


State  of  North  Carolina, 
Executive  Department, 

Raleigh,  N.  C,  June  15,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the 
receipt  of  an  invitation  to  be  present  at  the  celebration 
of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  Tammany  Society,  on 
the  Fourth  of  July. 

I  appreciate  very  highly,  sir,  the  honor  of  receiving 
an  invitation  from  so  distinguished  an  Order,  and  regret 
that  my  official  presence  in  Philadelphia  at  that  time 
will  prevent  me  from  accepting  your  kind  invitation. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Yours,  very  respectfully, 

DAN'L  G.  FOWLE, 

Governor  of  North  Carolina. 


Commonwealth  of  Virginia, 
Governor's  Office, 

Richmond,  Va.,  June  15, 1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  re- 
ceipt of  the  invitation  of  your  committee  to  attend  and 
deliver  an  address  at  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the 
founding  of  your  Society,  which  takes  place  in  Tam- 
many Hall,  on  the  Fourth  of  July  next. 


56 


Tammany  Society. 


I  regret  that  a  prior  engagement  for  *  that  clay,  which 
cannot  be  set  aside,  will  prevent  my  being  present  upon 
such  an  interesting  occasion. 

In  compliance  with  your  request,  I  send  an  expres- 
sion of  my  views  in  connection  with  the  event  you  cele- 
brate : 

The  roots  of  the  tree  of  liberty  jDlanted  one  hundred 
and  thirteen  years  ago,  whose  branches  overspread  to- 
day a  united  Republic,  are  not  more  firm  than  the  foun- 
dation of  the  rock  upon  which  Tammany  has  been 
erected. 

FJTZHUGH  LEE, 

Governor  of  Virginia. 


State  of  Louisiana, 
Governor's  Office. 
Baton  Rouge,  La.,  June  26,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  receipt 
or  your  invitation  to  attend  the  Celebration  of  the  One 
Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  American  Inde- 
pendence, and  Centennial  Aimiversary  of  the  Founding 
of  the  Tammany  Society  or  Columbian  Order,  which  will 
take  place  on  the  Fourth  day  of  July  next,  in  Tammany 
Hall,  city  of  New  York,  at  10  o'clock,  A.M.    For  your 
flattering  invitation  you  will  please  accept  my  most  cor- 
dial thanks. 

I  sincerely  regret  that  my  official  business  will  pre- 
vent me  from  absenting  myself  from  this  State,  and  par- 
ticipating in  the  celebration  of  the  day. 
I  am,  very  respectfully. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

FRANCIS  T.  NICHOLLS, 

Governor  of  Louisiana. 


SACHEM,  CHARLES  M.  CLANCY. 


Celebration,  1880. 


State  of  Alabama, 
Executive  Department, 

Office  of  the  Governor, 
Montgomery,  Ala.,  June  24,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  am  in  receipt  of  your  highly  courteous 
favor  inviting  me,  on  the  part  of  Tammany  Society,  to 
be  present  at  its  Celebration  of  the  One  Hundred  and 
Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  and 
the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Founding  of  your 
Organization,  on  the  Fourth  of  July  next. 

I  very  much  regret  that  1113'  official  engagements  will 
prevent  my  acceptance  of  the  invitation  extended,  and  I 
the  more  especially  regret  this,  as  the  celebration  is  to 
be  so  memorable  in  the  history  of  your  Society. 

Wishing  you  a  successful  celebration  and  a  long 
career  of  usefulness  for  your  great  and  historic  Society, 
I  am,  Sir,  with  high  esteem, 
Yours  very  truly, 

THOS.  SEAY, 

Governor  of  Alabama. 


State  of  Oregon, 
Executive  Department, 

Salem,  Ore.,  June  18,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — lam  in  receipt  of  your  invitation  to  be 
present  at  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Founding  of 
your  Society,  which  is  to  be  held  on  the  ensuing  Fourth 
of  July.  While  thanking  you  kindly,  lam  compelled  to 
state  that  the  demand  of  both  official  and  private  duties 
will  preclude  its  acceptance.  1  must,  however,  be  per- 
mitted to  express  the  hope  that  your  organization, 
which,  during  all  its  past  existence,  lias  been  a  tribune 


58 


Tammany  Society. 


of  the  common  people  of  this  country,  may,  for  all  com- 
ing time,  stand  as  a  formidable  bulwark  in  defence  of 
their  rights  and  interest  against  the  encroachments  of 
plutocratic  power. 

Very  respectfully, 

SYLVESTEK  PENNOYEK, 

Governor  ot  Oregon. 


Executive  Office, 
Tallahassee,  Fla.,  June  29,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  beg  to  acknowledge  and  extend  my 
thanks  for  the  kind  invitation  of  your  Society  to  attend 
and  address  a  meeting  to  be  held  at  Tammany  Hall,  on 
the  4th  of  July  next,  at  10  o'clock,  A.  M.,  to  celebrate 
the  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  Amer- 
ican Independence,  and  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of 
the  Founding  of  the  Tammany  Society,  or  Columbian 
Order. 

I  regret  exceedingly  that  my  official  duties,  as  well 
as  a  previous  engagement  in  this  State,  will  prevent  my 
acceptance  of  the  invitation  so  kindly  extended. 

The  Founding  of  the  Tammany  Society  on  the  Anni- 
versary of  the  promulgation  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence would  appear  eminently  appreciate,  when 
we  consider  that  Thomas  Jefferson,  the  author  of  that 
great  Charter  of  Liberty,  who  attained  to  the  highest 
pinnacle  of  American  statesmanship,  was  also  the 
Founder  of  the  Democratic  Party,  the  adherence  to 
whose  principles,  it  appeared  to  that  great  man,  would 
best  preserve  the  liberties  which  had  been  secured  by 
a  great  sacrifice  of  blood  and  treasure,  during  seven 
years  of  war.  Those  principles  have  ever  been  in  ad- 
vocacy of  the  best  methods  of  preserving  the  liberties 


Celebration,  1889. 


59 


of  the  American  people,  and  in  opposition  to  the  cen- 
tralization of  power  further  than  is  necessary  to  insure 
our  protection,  and  the  upholding  of  the  dignity  of  the 
National  Government.  As  unjust  taxation  was  the 
cause  that  precipitated  the  rupture  with  the  mother 
country,  the  Democratic  Party  has  ever  opposed  the 
taxation  of  the  people,  directly  or  indirectly,  beyond  the 
necessities  of  the  Government  honestly  and  economi- 
cally administered. 

Permit  me  to  express  the  hope  that  the  Centennial 
Anniversary  of  the  Tammany  Society,  and  the  One 
Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  American  In- 
dependence, may  be  an  occasion  of  pleasure  and  profit 
to  all  who  may  have  the  pleasure  of  participating 
therein;  and  the  Society  may  ever  continue  to  be  the 
exponent  of  the  true  principles  of  Democracy,  and  a 
potent  factor  in  the  preservation  of  American  liberty. 

Again  thanking  you  for  your  kind  invitation,  I  am. 
Very  respectfully  yours, 

FRANCIS  P.  FLEMING, 

Governor  of  Florida. 


Indianapolis,  Ind.,  June  20,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  regret  that  I  cannot  upon  account  of 
home  engagements  accept  your  very  courteous  invita- 
tion for  the  Fourth  of  July,  next.  I  trust  that  the  Cen- 
tennial of  your  venerable  Society,  so  nearly  coincident 
as  it  is  with  that  of  the  foundation  of  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment, may  be  commemorated  in  such  manner  as 
may  gratify  the  wishes  of  the  true  friends  of  both. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

1).  TlKl'IK, 
U.  S.  Senator  from  Indiana. 


60 


Tammany  Society. 


United  States  Senate. 

Washington,  D.  C,  June  18,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  receipt 
of  invitation  to  be  present  at  the  Celebration  of  the  One 
Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  American 
Independence,  and  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the 
Tammany  Society,  at  Tammany  Hall,  at  10  o'clock, 
A.  M.,  on  the  Fourth  of  July,  and  regret  to  say  that  my 
engagements  are  such  as  to  compel  me  to  deny  myself 
the  pleasure  of  attending. 

Respectfully, 
ISHAM  G.  HARRIS, 

U.  S.  Senator  from  Tennessee. 


United  States  Senate, 

Washington,  D.  O,  June  25,  1889. 

Dear  Sir  : — I  deeply  regret  it  will  be  impossible 
lor  me  to  accept  your  invitation  to  attend,  and  address 
the  Tammany  Society,  in  Tammany  Hall,  July  4th,  in 
Celebration  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anni- 
versary of  American  Independence,  and  the  Centennial 
Anniversary  of  the  Founding  of  your  ancient  Order. 

The  celebration  of  events  memorable  in  the  history 
of  our  country,  and  in  the  establishment,  development, 
and  maintenance  of  American  Liberty,  should  awaken, 
and,  doubtless,  does  awaken  in  the  hearts  of  the  peo- 
ple, a  more  fervent  and  unselfish  patriotism,  a  clearer 
perception  of  the  value  of  their  Institutions,  and  a 
spirit  of  concord  and  union  rising  above  the  ambitions, 
the  greeds,  and  the  hostilities  of  classes  and  sections. 

Our  Forefathers  intended  to  preserve  the  balance  of 
power  on  this  Continent  not  by  Holy  Alliances,  grasp- 
ing coalitions,  and  wars  of  subjugation,  as  in  Europe, 


SACHEM,  JOEL  0.  STEVENS. 


\ 


Celebration,  1889. 


CI 


but  by  restraining  the  strong,  by  curbing  the  ambitions 
of  the  more  populous  and  powerful  sections  for  domin- 
ion, and  by  raising  up  guarantees  in  the  limitations  of 
the  Constitution  itself  to  shield  and  protect  the  weaker 
States  and  Communities,  giving  to  them  full  and  equal 
representation. 

Other  Nations  enjoy,  as  we  do,  National  Unity  and 
independence,  wealth,  power,  dominion,  and  the  high- 
est civilization — but  their  systems  rest  upon  standing 
armies,  and  a  denial  of  the  rights  of  men,  while  the  vast 
sums  taken  by  taxation  from  the  earnings  of  labor  are 
dedicated,  not  to  the  general  welfare,  but  to  the  sup- 
port of  special  classes  and  orders.  We  differ  from  them 
in  one  respect,  only  :  Our  Forefathers  founded  these 
Institutions  of  Liberty  upon  the  Federative  principle, 
and  when  this  principle,  and  its  wide  and  full  applica- 
tion, shall  have  been  destroyed,  the  only  difference  be- 
tween American  and  European  Liberty  will  have  dis- 
appeared. With  the  triumph  of  Centralization  will, 
and  must  come  taxation,  and  privileges  for  the  Few  ; 
standing  armies,  the  reign  of  an  irresponsible  Bureau- 
cracy with  the  absorption  of  all  power  at  Washington, 
unlimited  and  widespread  extravagance  and  corruption, 
the  installation  of  a  dynasty  of  Plutocracy,  and  of  Cor- 
porate Power,  and  all  the  institutions,  and  instrumen- 
talities appropriate  to  such  a  system.  Are  not  trans- 
formations going  on  and  have  not  events  already  oc- 
curred that  foreshadow  these  direful  results?  So 
steady  and  aggressive  have  these  tendencies  become — 
the  transfer  of  power  from  the  Many  into  the  hands  of 
the  Few — that  it  is  seriously  proposed,  in  certain  quar- 
ters, upon  the  old  and  the  exploded  plea  of  the  incapaci- 
ty of  the  people  for  self-government,  and  Home  rule, 
to  take  away  their  control  over  elections  in  their  sev- 
eral communities  for  their  Public  servants  at  Washing- 


62  Tammany  Society. 

ton,  and  even  for  State  and  Municipal  officers,  and  to 
lodge  this  tremendous  power  exclusively  in  the  central 
authority  at  Washington.  Such  elections  will  not  ex- 
press the  free  and  independent  will  of  the  people  of 
the  country,  but  will  merely  register  the  decrees  of  the 
King-Caucus  of  the  Party  of  the  majority  in  Congress 
— the  Party  in  power  at  Washington. 

I  regard  the  Democratic  party  as  the  only  safeguard 
against  these  encroachments  of  the  office-holding  class> 
backed  by  the  organized  wealth  of  the  ambitious  mono- 
polists of  privileges  and  powers,  who  are  bent  upon 
erecting  the  monarchical  systems  of  the  Old  World 
upon  the  ruins  of  the  simple  and  economical  govern- 
ment of  the  People,  and  for  the  People,  and  by  the 
People,  founded  by  our  ancestors. 

I  salute  the  brave  Democracy  of  the  Empire  State  L 
I  trust  that  its  ranks  may  be  filled  by  the  young  men 
just  entering  life,  who,  free  from  old  prejudices  and 
passions,  will  appreciate  the  true  Federative  principles 
of  our  Government,  and  cherish  the  maxims  upon 
which  our  American  system  is  founded,  and  which  were 
illustrated  by  the  lives  and  services  of  Washington  and 
Jefferson,  and  of  which  your  own  noble  chiefs,  Seymour 
and  Tilden,  were  devoted  adherents. 

Faithfully  yours, 

E.  L.  GIBSON, 
U.  S.  Senator  from  Louisiana. 


Palestine,  Texas,  June  22,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  am  in  receipt  of  the  invitation  by  the 
Committee  of  the  Tammany  Society  to  be  present  at 
their  hall,  at  10  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  July  4th,  to 
Celebrate  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniversary 
of  American  Independence,  and  the  Centennial  Anniver- 


Celebration,  hs.su. 


63 


sary  of  the  Founding  of  that  Society,  with  a  request 
that  I  address  the  meeting  on  that  occasion. 

I  have  long  cherished  the  greatest  respect  for  the 
Tammany  Society,  because  it  has  seemed  to  me  that  its 
labors  have  been  designated  to  perpetuate  the  princi- 
ples on  which  our  government  was  founded,  and 
thereby  to  assure  to  the  people  of  the  United  States 
liberty  and  independence.  When  sound  political  princi- 
ples have  been  in  greatest  danger  of  overthrow,  that 
Society  has  borne  and  protected  the  principles  of  the 
Constitution  as  the  Ark  of  the  Covenant  of  political  and 
religious  freedom.  The  government  has  for  more  than 
twenty  years,  by  class  legislation,  been  steadily  drifting 
into  the  centralization  of  all  political  power  at  Washing- 
ton, and  to  the  building  up  of  American  aristocracy. 
If  this  policy  shall  go  on  to  success,  it  must  overthrow 
our  constitutional  system  of  government  and  destroy 
ultimately  the  hopes  and  happiness  of  the  great  mass 
of  the  American  people.  I  earnestly  hope  and  I  think, 
judging  by  the  past,  we  may  indulge  the  belief  that  the 
Tammany  Society  will  exert  its  great  influence  to 
arrest  the  progress  of  centralization,  defeat  further  class 
legislation,  reverse  the  dangers  of  the  establishment  of 
an  American  aristocracy,  by  the  repeal  of  such  laws  as 
establish  a  civil  list  of  those  who  are  to  draw  pay  for 
life  from  the  earnings  of  others. 

Very  truly  and  respectfully, 

JOHN  II.  REAGAN, 

U.  S.  Senator  from  Texas. 


Yonkkks,  X.  V.,  June  15,  18SD. 
Deaii  Sir: — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  receipt 
of  your  invitation  for  the  Fourth  of  July  celebration  in 
Tammany  Hall  ;  and  in  sending  my  regrets  at  this  early 


'64 


Tammany  Society. 


date,  I  do  so  very  reluctantly,  but  from  necessity,  as  it 
is  my  purpose  to  sail  for  Europe  during  the  present 
month. 

"Wishing  you  and  the  Society  every  success,  I  am, 
gentlemen, 

Yours  sincerely, 

W.  G.  STAHLNECKER, 
Member  of  Congress  from  New  York. 


House  of  Representatives, 

Washington,  June  15,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  have  your  invitation  to  attend  the 
Tammany  Celebration,  and  take  the  occasion  to  express 
my  thanks  for  your  remembering  me  for  such  a  patriotic 
celebration. 

The  year  '89  is  significant  in  many  ways.  It  is  the 
year  of  the  Constitution.  It  is  the  year  when  our  gov- 
ernment was  inaugurated.  It  is  the  year  when  Republi- 
canism in  France  started  into  life  and  gave  vigor  to 
those  ideas  which  had  been  dormant  in  the  old  world 
for  centuries,  but  which  our  own  Revolution  energized 
into  deeds. 

The  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  our 
Independence  is  a  centenary  for  many  of  the  highest 
objects  connected  with  our  own  system  of  government, 
and  not  the  least  among  these  interesting  centennial 
objects  in  which  we  take  a  patriotic  pride,  is  the  addi- 
tion of  four  States  to  our  Union,  and,  therefore,  four 
more  stars  to  our  flag! 

I  shall  not  be  able  to  be  with  you  at  your  Celebra- 
tion, having  an  engagement  with  the  morning  star  of 
the  new  century,  in  Dakota,  upon  that  day. 

With  best  wishes  for  a  good  old-fashioned  Demo- 


Celebration,   1889.  65 

cratic  celebration,  and  with  a  hope  that  our  party  may 
reascend  to  federal  power, 

I  am,  yours  truly, 

S.  S.  COX, 

Member  of  Congress  from  New  York. 


Philadelphia,  Pa.,  July  2,  1880. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  thank  you  for  your  courteous  invita- 
tion to  attend  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the 
Founding  of  the  Tammany  Society.  It  will  be  impos- 
sible for  me  to  be  present  on  the  occasion.  I  shall  be 
glad,  however,  at  an}r  and  at  all  times,  to  join  in  everj 
movement  more  thoroughly  to  bring  forward  and  put 
into  action  the  true  Democratic  principles  of  Thomas 
Jefferson  announced  in  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
and  carried  out  in  his  administration  of  the  Govern- 
ment, and  which  later  on  were  enforced  with  so  much 
vigor  during  the  administration  of  Andrew  Jackson. 
Yours  very  respectfully, 

SAMUEL  J.  11AXDALL, 
Member  of  Congress  from  Pennsylvania. 


Erie,  Pa.,  June  2G,  1889. 

Dear  Sir  : — I  beg  leave  to  acknowledge  the  receipt 
of  your  invitation  to  be  present  on  the  4th  proximo,  to 
celebrate  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Tammany 
Society,  and  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anni- 
versary of  American  Independence. 

I  regret  my  inability  to  be  with  you  on  such  an  in- 
teresting occasion.  As  the  oldest  Democratic  Society 
of  our  country,  with  names  associated  with  it  of  states- 


66  Tammany  Society. 


men,  illustrious  for  their  services  to  Democratic  princi- 
ples and  Constitutional  Government,  Democrats  all 
over  our  country  take  a  deep  interest  in  seeing  your 
Society,  the  bulwark  of  Democracy,  steadfast  in  the 
true  faith  and  ever  advocating  honest  and  pure  govern- 
ment in  the  interests  of  the  people. 

With  such  principles  and  policies  faithfully  adhered 
to  and  followed,  the  Columbian  Order  cannot  fail  to  be- 
come a  beacon  and  an  inspiration  to  all  true  Demo- 
crats, and  that  it  may  live  to  celebrate  the  second  Cen- 
tennial of  its  founding,  is  the  sincere  wish  of 
Your  obedient  servant, 

WILLIAM  L.  SCOTT. 
Member  of  Congress  from  Pennsylvania. 


Easton,  Md.,  June  29,  1889. 

Dear  Sir  : — I  have  the  honor  of  your  favor  of  the  9th 
inst.,  inviting  me  to  attend  the  Centennial  Anniversary 
of  the  Founding  of  the  Tammany  Society,  on  the  Fourth 
of  July  next.  I  have  purposely  delayed  my  reply  to 
your  invitation  until  this  time,  hoping  to  be  able  to 
announce  my  acceptance.  I  feel,  however,  much  to  my 
regret,  that  the  exigencies  of  my  affairs  at  home  will 
compel  me  to  decline. 

I  am  particularly  sorry  that  this  should  be  so,  as  I 
know  of  no  occasion  upon  which  it  would  delight  me 
more  to  testify  by  my  personal  presence  to  my  devotion 
to  the  principles  so  fearlessly  defended  and  so  success- 
fully maintained  by  your  glorious  Society. 

While  unable  then  to  gratify  myself,  I  beg  leave  to 
tender  to  Tammany  my  best  wishes.  May  she  in  the 
years  to  come  find  still  more  enlarged  opportunities  for 
usefulness  and  greatness  ;  and  may  the  next  Centen- 


Celebration,  IXM>. 


07 


nial,  a  hundred  years  hence,  find  her  still  dispensing 
the  choicest  blessings  of  liberty,  of  law,  and  of  order, 
as  she  has  so  triumphantly  done  in  the  years  that 
crown  her  now. 

Sincerely  yours, 

CHAS.  H.  GIBSON, 
Member  of  Congress  from  Maryland. 


Montgomery,  Ala.,  June  25,  1889. 
DEAE  Sir  : — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  your 
invitation  to  be  present  and  address  the  meeting  on 
the  Fourth  of  July  next,  intended  to  celebrate  the  One 
Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  American  In- 
dependence, and  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the 
Founding  of  your  Democratic  Society ;  and  I  most 
sincerely  regret  that  my  engagements  will  not  permit 
me  to  attend. 

We  date  the  origin  of  the  United  States  from  the 
Declaration  of  our  Independence,  but  that  declaration 
was  only  the  corner-stone  of  the  Union  ;  the  super- 
structure, the  Government  under  which  we  live,  the 
Government  that  has  stood  the  tempest  of  the  mighti- 
est civil  war  in  history,  and  now  stands  for  the  so 
grandly  beautiful  among  the  nations  of  the  earth,  was 
founded  nearly  thirteen  years  afterwards.  It  was  the 
crowning  work  of  the  crowning  struggle  for  liberty — a 
struggle  that  had  been  protracted  through  centuries. 
Panegyric  has  exhausted  itself  in  praise  of  those  who 
framed  the  Constitution  of  that  Government.  They 
were  indeed  the  wisest  body  of  men  that  ever  assem- 
bled ;  yet  they  never  could  have  "struck  off,"  as  Mr. 
Gladstone  put  it,  that  instrument  "  in  a  given  time  "  had 
not  that  Providence,  who  overrules  the  destinies  <>f'  na- 


68 


Tammany  Society. 


tions,  laid  bare  before  their  eyes  the  work  they  were  to- 
do  and  brought  them,  by  successive  steps,  to  its  con- 
summation. 

The  thirteen  Colonies,  nurtured  and  trained,  each  of 
them  in  the  love  of  liberty,  came  together  and  fought 
the  battles  of  the  Revolution  that  they  might  secure  the 
right  of  local  self-government.  Every  line  and  every 
word  in  the  old  Articles  of  Confederation,  the  Govern- 
ment under  which  independence  was  won,  was  in  the 
interest  of  home  rule. 

When  a  fair  trial  had  demonstrated  the  defects  of 
that  Government,  the  Convention  met  at  Philadelphia, 
whose  task  it  was  to  strengthen  the  old  or  frame  a  new 
government,  which,  having  more  power,  would  be  better 
able  to  secure  and  perpetuate  to  the  people  of  the  States 
which  should  adopt  it,  the  princijDles  for  which  the  war 
of  independence  had  been  fought.  The  Constitution 
they  framed  went  into  effect  a  hundred  years  ago  on  the 
fourth  of  last  March. 

Four  months  from  that  date  your  society  was  found- 
ed— founded  by  men  who,  like  the  framers  of  the  Con- 
stitution, had  passed  through  the  fires  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, and  who,  like  them,  believed  there  was  no  irrecon- 
cilable conflict  between  the  reserved  rights  of  the  States 
and  National  authority  under  the  Constitution. 

It  was,  as  I  understand  it,  from  the  beginning  the 
patriotic  purpose  of  the  Tammany  Society  to  aid  in  car- 
rying on  our  Government  in  the  spirit  of  its  founders, 
keeping  both  State  and  National  authority  within  the 
orbits  prescribed  by  the  Constitution. 

Within  a  century  there  are  many  imitations  ;  and  it 
may  possibly  be  true  that  within  that  period  your  or- 
ganization may  sometimes  have  fallen,  momentarily, 
into  the  hands  of  those  who  were  forgetful  of  the  prin- 
ciples it  was  intended  to  perpetuate  ;  yet  you  are  to  be 


CM, ration.  7.V.V.'/. 


69 


congratulated  on  the  fact  that  your  past  history  is  a 
striking  exemplification  of  fidelity  to  Constitutional 
limitations  and  devotion  to  local  self-government. 
Clouds  may  for  a  time  obscure,  but  the  mariner  never 
forgets  his  polar  star  ;  and  Tammany  is  as  true  to-day 
to  the  fundamental  principles  of  our  Government  as 
were  those  who  came  together  to  found  it  in  the  early 
morning  of  our  national  existence. 

Animated  by  a  spirit  of  reverence  for  the  mighty  past, 
and  with  unbounded  faith  in  the  future — faith  that  the 
lessons  of  the  century  that  is  gone  will  not  be  lost — the 
great  Democratic  hearts  of  this  Democratic  country, 
rejoicing,  anew,  in  the  fresh  glories  that  have  been 
added  to  the  crown  of  true  Democracy  by  the  Adminis- 
tration that  has  just  closed — will,  on  the  fourth  day  of 
July  next,  offer  up  a  sincere  prayer  for  the  perpetuity 
iu  all  its  purity  of  the  Democratic  Government  of  our 
fathers,  as  well  as  for  the  increased  and  increasing  use- 
fulness of  your  Democratic  Society,  in  which  I  shall 
most  heartily  join. 

I  am,  very  respectfully  yours, 

HILARY  A.  HEBBERT, 
Member  of  Congress  from  Alabama. 


Pine  Bluff,  Ark.,  June  2-4,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the 
receipt  of  an  invitation  from  the  committee  to  deliver 
an  address  upon  the  very  interesting  occasion  of  the 
Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Tammany  Society,  on  the 
Fourth  of  July.  It  is  with  much  regret  that  I  rind  my- 
self unable  to  be  with  you  and  among  those  who  will 
address  the  meeting  at  that  time. 


70 


Tammany  Society. 


Perhaps  no  event  in  the  long  and  illustrious  history 
of  the  Order  is  of  as  much  interest  and  importance  as 
the  one  you  now  approach.  The  life  of  the  Order  is 
nearly  contemporaneous  with  that  of  the  Democratic 
party,  and  the  vitality  of  both  is  due  to  the  soundness 
of  the  principles  upon  which  they  are  based.  Our 
future  is  of  value  only  to  the  extent  that  it  may  give 
promise  of  honorable,  enlightened,  and  patriotic  useful- 
ness. It  is  of  supreme  importance  upon  an  occasion 
like  i  his  to  review  our  principles  and  career  in  order 
that  we  may  correctly  interpret  the  past  and  forecast 
the  future.  We  find  that  as  impulse  has  swayed  the 
people  from  singleness  of  devotion  to  all  parts  of  our 
common  country,  from  a  profound  reverence  for  law, 
from  an  honest  and  economical  administration  of  public 
affairs,  and  from  the  equality  under  equal  laws  of  all  the 
States  and  of  all  classes  of  the  people,  we  have  paid  the 
penalty  of  heedlessness  and  of  unwisdom  ;  but  that  as  we 
have  stuck  to  these  great  principles  of  the  Fathers,  we 
have  successfully  met  every  exigency,  and  that  as  we 
have  returned  to  them  we  have  been  cured  of  every  ill. 

We  enter  the  second  century  under  circumstances  of 
increased  compli  -ation.  It  is  all  the  more  important  to 
keep  the  landmarks  clear  and  distinct  for  popular  guid- 
ance. All  depends  upon  the  virtue  and  intelligence  of 
the  people.  I  trust  that  the  great  Democratic  Society 
of  Tammany,  will  keep  her  banners  upon  the  outer 
walls  and  her  principles  clearly  emblazoned  upon  her 
banners,  and  thus  continue  a  bright  beacon  to  patriots 
all  over  the  country  and  the  world. 
Sincerely  yours, 

C.  E.  BEECKINKIDGE, 
Member  of  Congress  from  Arkansas. 


Celebration,  1889. 


71 


Greencastle,  Ind.,  June  14,  1889. 

Dear  Sm  : — I  have  }our  courteous  note  of  invitation 
of  the  9th  inst.,  asking  me  to  be  present  on  the  4th 
proximo,  on  the  occasion  of  the  celebration  of  our  Coun- 
try's Independence,  and  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of 
the  Founding  of  the  great  order  of  which  you  are  chief. 

I  regret  that  it  seems  now  to  be  impossible  for  me  to 
leave  important  business  engagements  for  that  time, 
and  so  I  must  content  myself  with  this  note  of  thanks 
for  the  honor  you  have  done  me,  and  I  shall  join  my 
sincere  congratulations  iu  this  way  with  the  multitude 
of  good  Jeffersonian  Democrats  that  will  be  with  you, 
upon  the  fact  that  the  illustrious  Society  of  Tammany 
has  so  long  outlived  bitter  opposition  and  abundant 
criticism,  and  with  you  all  I  express  the  hope  that 
many  other  Centennials  of  its  birth  may  yet  be  cele- 
brated. 

The  spirit  of  true  Democracy  still  lives  in  Indiana, 
and  we  all  look  forward  to  the  speedy  restoration  of 
our  party  to  power,  in  our  two  great  States,  and  in  the 
whole  Republic. 

Very  truly, 

C.  C.  MATSOX, 
Member  of  Congress  from  Indiana. 


Corsicana,  Texas,  June  20,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  have  received  your  letter  of  June  9th, 
inviting  me  to  be  present  and  address  the  Tammany  So- 
ciety on  the  Fourth  of  July,  when  it  celebrates  the  One 
Hundred  ami  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  American  Inde- 
pendence. I  regret  exceedingly  that  I  cannot  aeeept 
your  invitation.    It  would  be  a  pleasure  to  me  to  be 


72 


Tammany  Society. 


with  you  and  join  you  in  rendering  honor  to  the  birth- 
day of  the  Republic. 

Your  society  was  organized  by  the  same  heroes  who 
declared  and  won  the  Independence  of  our  country,  and 
it  has  come  down  to  us  in  the  beginning  of  its  second 
century  as  patriotic  and  as  devoted  to  the  principles  of 
ree  government  as  it  was  at  its  birth.  It  still  cham- 
pions the  cause  of  personal,  political,  civil  and  religious 
liberty.  It  has  entered  fully  upon  its  second  century  y 
with  its  numbers  increased,  its  ranks  enthusiastic  and 
devoted  to  the  creed  of  the  fathers,  and  ready  to  do 
battle  to  preserve  and  perpetuate  the  Contitutional 
Union  of  the  States,  and  to  promote  the  prosperity  and 
happiness  of  the  people. 

Very  truly  yours, 

R  Q.  MILLS, 
Member  of  Congress  from  Texas. 


Boyce,  La.,  June  18,  1889. 

Dear  Sir  :  —  I  acknowledge  with  pleasure  the 
receipt  of  your  invitation  to  be  present  at  the  Centenary 
Anniversary  of  the  Founding  of  your  ancient  Society.  It 
will  give  me  great  pleasure  to  be  present,  if  possible,  to 
so  arrange  my  affairs. 

Tammany  has  been  at  the  front  of  every  political 
battle  since  I  have  had  any  acquaintance  with  the  poli- 
tics of  our  country.  It  has  been  my  misfortune  to  feel 
compelled  to  vote  against  Tammany  Hall  in  several 
National  Conventions,  beginning  in  1876,  but  I  always 
had  the  greatest  respect  for  the  Society  as  the  repre- 
sentative of  true  Democracy,  and  no  man  ever  made  a 
deeper  impression  upon  me,  as  an  able,  single-minded, 
honest  man,  than  your  lamented  John  Kelly. 


Celebration,  hs.su. 


7.", 


Tammany  has  been  much  vilified,  her  good  faith 
often  called  in  question,  but  on  election-day,  in  all  our 
National  contests,  the  eyes  of  millions  of  Democrats  all 
over  the  country  are  turned  toward  the  Empire  City 
with  the  hopeful  assurance  that  the  masses  of  Tammany 
Hall,  inspired  by  her  able  and  brilliant  Chiefs  and 
Sachems,  are  at  the  polls,  speaking  by  their  votes  for 
the  liberties  of  the  people  and  for  true  Democracy. 

Longmaythe  Society  live  as  a  bulwark  of  Democ- 
racy and  liberty. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

JAMES  JEFFRIES, 
Member  of  Congress  from  Louisiana. 


HuNTdVlLLE,  Ala.,  April  24,  1889. 

Dear  Sir  :— The  invitation  just  received  to  participate 
in  the  Celebration,  by  the  Society  of  Tammany,  of  the 
approaching  Fourth  of  July,  is  acknowledged. 

Only  the  sternest  mandates  of  duty,  compelling  my 
presence  here  on  the  auspicious  occasion,  which  will 
honor  and  fittingly  memorialize  the  One  Hundred  and 
Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  and 
the  Centennial  of  the  Founding  of  your  patriotic  and 
beloved  Order,  could  prevent  my  personal  presence  in 
response  to  your  invitation. 

The  Columbian  Order,  or  Society  of  Tammany,  by  its 
long  life  of  distinguished  fidelity  to  Democratic  prin- 
ciples, and  to  a  "  pine  JelVers<  >nian  form  of  Democratic. 
Government,"  lias  won,  and  deservedly  retains,  the  con- 
fidence and  the  admiration  of  the  large  majority  of 
the  Democratic  citizens  of  our  great  Kepublic. 

It  is  among  the  largest  gratifications  of  my  life  to 
know  that  the  Democratic  fires  continue  to  burn  with 


74 


Tammany  Society. 


undimmed  lustre  upon  the  altars  of  Tammany,  nor  can 
I  doubt  that  in  the  long  future  of  succeeding  genera- 
tions the  effulgence  of  those  fires — patriotic  and  eternal 
— will  illumine  the  pages  which  will  record  the  great 
political  truths  which  it  has  been,  and  still  is,  the  duty 
and  the  purpose  of  your  venerable  Society  to  maintain 
and  to  perpetuate. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

PETEK  M.  DOX, 
Member  of  Congress  for  Alabama- 


Green  Bay,  Wis.,  June  18,  1889. 

Dear  Sir  : — It  is  with  deep  regret  that  I  have  to 
acknowledge  in  replying  to  the  honor  of  an  invitation 
to  attend,  July  4,  1889,  my  inability,  owing  to  a  prior 
engagement  for  the  "  day  we  celebrate,"  to  accept  the 
kindly  bidding  of  your  Order,  the  illustrious  and  his- 
torical Tammany  Society,  who  propose  to  hold  their 
Centennial  Anniversary  on  that  other  fete  day  of  our 
land,  and  its  one  hundred  and  thirteenth  return  of 
the  festival  of  a  Nation's  Independence.  I  can  imagine 
of  no  higher  or  more  patriotic  devotion  than  to  be  able 
to  attend,  and  listen  to,  and  behold  the  Tammany  braves 
and  their  honored  guests  ministering  at  the  shrines  we 
ever  have  with  us ;  the  memories  of  the  Fathers  of  the 
Republic,  and  the  great  legacy  they  left,  and  we  inherit, 
the  blessings  of  constitutional  liberity,  as  visible  altars 
for  our  patriotic  and  memorial  offerings  of  the  clay. 

The  history  of  your  Order  is  likewise  the  history  of  our 
country — both,  in  their  true  and  achieved  purposes,  have 
demonstrated  the  possibilities  of  devotion  to  principles 
and  loj^ality  to  law  and  order. 

This  fact  has  been  added  to  the  history  of  the  world, 
that  a  government  of  the  people  was  possible.    A  Be- 


Celebration,  1889. 


75 


public  no  longer  a  problem.  Over  a  hundred  years  of 
progress  and  prosperity — solution  enough  to  satisfy  the 
staunchest  monarchist — the  United  States  of  North 
America  have  been  the  demonstration.  This  govern- 
ment, formed  by  the  people,  must  continue  to  be  admin- 
istered for  them  on  the  original  plan,  its  rules  and  rulers 
must  continue  to  be  of  them,  and  reflect  them,  owing 
their  force,  their  position  of  respect  and  authority,  not 
to  any  accident  of  birth,  hereditary  name  or  fortune, 
but  elevated  b}T  common  suffrage  on  account  of  fitness 
and  political  integrity.  This  is  the  sum  and  substance  of 
the  conditions  and  limitations  of  the  Government,  you 
delight  to  honor  and  remember  on  this  occasion. 

In  the  Middle  West  we  had  ceased  to  be  the  Far 
West,  then  as  now,  for  from  the  rocky  ridge  of  the 
"  divide  "  we  hear  the  cry  of  Westward,  Ho  !  Many 
years  ago  a  Democratic  leader  was  about  to  die.  Tam- 
many knew  him  well,  the  nation  honored  him  much, 
and  he  was  an  honor  to  his  nation,  his  party  and  die 
human  race.  With  his  last  breath  he  framed  his  political 
will — for  his  children,  for  his  countrymen — "Tell  them 
to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and 
obey  the  laws  of  the  land."  So  your  brother  in  political 
allegiance  and  a  great  statesman,  Stephen  A.  Douglass, 
died  as  he  had  lived,  a  Democrat  and  a  patriot. 

Your  vast  and  enthusiastic  assemblage  of  this  hour 
is  a  family  gathering,  the  heirs  and  legatees  of  Douglas 
— probating  the  will! — carrying  out  in  effect  his  famous 
request.    Afterward  let  prophets  sing  : 

The  kissing  winds  all  round  the  world 
Shall  salute  our  nation's  Hag  unfurled, 
In  that  world  court,  and  tor  every  race — 
Columbia  queen's  it— first  and  foremost  place. 

Respectfully,  etc., 

THUS.  \l  BUDD, 

Member  of  Congress  from  Wisconsin. 


76     ,  Tammany  Society. 


Lexington,  Ky.,  June  16,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — Yours  of  June  the  9th,  only  reached  me 
on  yesterday.  I  regret  that  it  is  impossible  for  me  to 
accept  the  invitation  to  be  present  on  the  Fourth  of 
July,  and  participate  in  the  Celebration  of  the  Centen- 
nial of  the  founding  of  your  Societ}-.  Eloquent  orators 
will  charm  you  with  praises  of  the  past.  My  heart  is 
full  of  hope  as  to  the  victories  and  glories  of  the  future, 
which  are  to  be  won  in  contests  perhaps  fiercer  and 
requiring  greater  courage  than  the  many  in  which  your 
Society  has  shared  in  the  past.  And  in  these  coming 
contests  I  feel  assured  that  Tammany  will  bear  her  full 
share  and  contribute  her  full  part,  and  in  the  triumph 
of  true  Democracy  and  the  resultant  prosperity  of  the 
American  people,  Tammany  will  find  her  sweetest 
reward. 

With  cordial  good  wishes  that  your  celebration  may 
be  eminently  successful,  and  with  sincere  regrets  that  I 
cannot  be  present, 

I  am  very  truly  yours, 

WM.  C.  P.  BRECKINRIDGE, 
Member  of  Congress  from  Kentucky. 


Wheeler,  Ala.,  June  28,  1889. 

Dear  Sir  : — I  write  to  express  my  thanks  for  the  in- 
vitation to  be  present  at  the  Celebration  of  the  One 
Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  Independence 
by  Tammany  Society. 

It  would  give  me  great  pleasure  to  be  present  at  a 
Celebration  under  the  auspices  of  an  organization  which 
for  a  century  has  devoted  itself  to  the  noble  purpose  of 
engrafting  the  principles  of  Democratic  government 
into  our  institutions,  and  would  certainly  accept,  were 


Celebration,  1889. 


77 


it  in  my  power  to  do  so.  Thanking  you  again  for  the 
invitation, 

Believe  me  with  great  respect, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

JOSEPH  WHEELER, 
Member  of  Congress  from  Alabama. 


Richmond,  Ky.,  June  30,  1889. 

Dear  Sin : — I  thank  yon  and  Tammany  Society  for 
an  invitation  to  be  present  and  deliver  an  address  on 
the  4th  of  July  next,  when  Tammany  Society,  or  Colum- 
bian Order,  will  celebrate  the  One  Hundred  and  Thir- 
teenth Anniversary  of  American  Independence  and 
the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Founding  of  your 
great  Society,  and  I  regret  more  than  I  can  express 
that  my  engagements  in  Kentucky  will  prevent  me 
from  being  present. 

It  is  fit  and  proper  that  you  should  celebrate  on  the 
same  day  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniver- 
sary of  American  Independence  and  the  One  Hundredth 
Anniversary  of  the  oldest  political  body  in  the  United 
States.  No  Society  has  watched  more  closely,  or 
worked  harder,  for  the  success  and  supremacy  of  the 
Democratic  Party  than  yours,  and  no  society  has 
taken  a  deeper  interest  in  the  vast  and  varied  and  won- 
derful achievements  of  our  great  Republic  than  yours. 

I  look  with  great  respect  and  veneration  upon  a  so- 
ciety whose  members  took  active  part  in  the  election  of 
Washington,  Jefferson,  Jackson,  Madison,  and  Monroe, 
who  watched  the  birth  and  death  of  nearly  all  the 
great  political  parties  of  our  country,  and  rejoiced  that 
the  Democratic  party  was  the  only  permanent  political 
organization  in  our  country,  and  who  always  remained 


78 


Tammany  Society. 


true  to  the  cardinal  principles  of  Democracy  as  an- 
nounced by  Jefferson. 

Our  Republic  will  be  benefited  by  the  noble  efforts 
of  the  members  of  the  Tammany  Society,  and  I  hope 
their  good  work  will  continue  as  long  as  our  Republic 
lasts,  and  that  they  wrill  see  the  Democratic  Party 
crowned  with  the  success  of  its  principles  and  our 
country  move  forward  to  the  accomplishment  of  greater 
and  grander  achievements. 

Respectfully, 

JAMES  B.  McCREARY, 
Member  of  Congress  from  Kentucky. 


Tombstone,  Arizona,  June  20,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — Important  engagements  at  home  forces 
me  to  decline  your  very  cordial  invitation  to  be 
present  and  address  the  meeting  to  be  held  in 
Tammany  Hall,  on  July  4th,  in  Celebration  of  the 
One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  Ameri- 
can Independence,  and  the  Centennial  Anniversary 
of  the  Founding  of  your  patriotic  Order.  I  love  to 
meet  my  countrymen  at  the  shrine  of  Tammany,  and  re- 
new there  my  love  of  our  Republican  institutions,  and 
do  just  homage  to  the  Columbian  Order,  that  has  done 
so  much  to  preserve  untarnished  those  liberties  for 
which  our  fathers  perilled  fame,  fortune  and  life.  Long 
may  Tammany  stand  a  beacon  light  to  our  ship  of 
State.  Thanking  your  Order  for  the  invitation  extended 
me,  and  deploring  1113^  inability  to  be  present, 
I  beg  to  be  and  remain, 

Sincerely  yours, 

MARCUS  A.  SMITH, 
Territorial  Delegate  to  Congress. 


Cdrhrntion.  1XSH. 


79 


State  of  New  York, 
Lieut. -Governor's  Room, 

Albany,  June  25, 1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — Every  year,  as  the  Fourth  of  July 
approaches,  and  I  am  compelled,  as  now,  through  other 
engagements  to  decline  the  invitation  to  celebrate  our 
National  Birthday  with  the  Tammany  Society,  I  prom- 
ise myself  that  next  year,  if  they  honor  me  with  an 
invitation,  I  will  surely  accept. 

To  my  mind  the  commemoration  of  the  events  of  our 
first  Fourth  of  July  is  of  vast  importance  to  the  per- 
petuation of  our  Republican  form  of  Government.  Of 
such  consequence  do  I  esteem  it  that  I  would  make  its 
observance  legally  obligatory,  and  a  reasonable  expense 
for  the  proper  celebration  thereof  a  National  charge. 
Thanking  you  for  your  kindly  remembrance, 
I  am  yours  truly, 

EDWARD  F.  JONES, 

Lieut.-Governor  of  New  York. 


Court  of  Appeals, 
Judges  Chambers, 

Albany,  N.  Y.,  June  28,  1889. 
Dear  Sir: — It  would  give  me  great  pleasure  to  join 
in  your  festivities  upon  the  Celebration  of  the  One 
Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  the  Fourth  <>f 
July,  but  I  shall  be  unable  to  do  so,  as  1  sail  for  Europe 
on  the  2d  inst. 

Very  truly, 

K.  W.  PECKHAM, 

Judge  of  Court  of  Appeals. 


80 


Tammany  Society. 


Attorney  General's  Office, 

Albany,  N.  Y.,  June  26,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — Your  kind  invitation  to  attend  the  Cele- 
bration of  the  Tammany  Society,  on  July  4th,  1889,  has 
been  duly  received,  and  I  regret  that  my  official  en- 
gagements will  prevent  my  attendance  at  that  time. 
Very  truly  yours, 

CHAS.  F.  TABOR, 
Attorney  General  State  of  New  York. 


Comptroller's  Office, 

Albany,  N.  Y.,  July  5,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — By  some  inadvertance  the  invitation 
sent  me  by  your  Committee,  for  the  Tammany  Society 
Celebration,  was  filed  away  among  "letters  answered" 
at  my  home  at  Fultonville,  and  only  discovered  yester- 
day. I  sincerely  regret  this,  as  it  prevented  my  re- 
sponse to  your  courteous  invitation,  and  my  attendance 
at  the  Celebration. 

I  am  pleased  to  read  how  great  was  its  success,  but 
then,  we  have  come  to  expect  that  everything  Tamma- 
ny undertakes  will  be  well  carried  out. 

Very  truly  yours, 

EDWARD  WEMPLE. 


State  of  New  York. 
Supreme  Court  Chambers, 

Albany,  June  22,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — Please  accept  my  thanks  for  the  honor 
you  have  done  me  in  sending  me  an  invitation  to  attend 


Cekhrntion,   lSSft.  81 

the  Celebration  by  your  Society,  of  the  coming  Fourth 
of  July. 

It  would  give  me  great  pleasure  to  be  present  with 
you  on  that  day,  and  to  join  in  your  patriotic  remem- 
brance of  the  Birthday  of  our  Republic. 

At  no  time  has  the  importance  of  the  Democratic 
principles  a  Ivocated  by  your  Society  been  more  evi- 
dent than  at  this  day. 

Regretting  that  I  am  unable  to  accept  your  kind  in- 
vitation, 

I  remain,  truly  yours, 

W.  L.  LEARNED. 


Mayor's  Office, 
Syracuse,  X.  Y.,  July  3,  1889. 

Dear  Sir  : — I  am  pleased  to  acknowledge  your  invi- 
tation to  join  witli  the  Society  of  Tammany  or  Colum- 
bian Order,  in  its  annual  Fourth  of  July  Celebration, 
and,  I  very  much  regret  my  inability  to  attend. 

I  fully  appreciate  the  patriotic  efforts  of  Tammany 
and  its  devotion  to  a  pure  Democratic  form  of  govern- 
ment, and  trust  that  the  occasion  of  its  One  Hundred 
and  Thirteenth  Celebration  of  the  Fourth  of  July  will 
be  of  great  interest  to  all  who  have  the  honor  of  par- 
ticipating. 

Yours  most  respectfully, 

WM.  B.  KIRK, 
Mayor  of  Syracuse,  X.  Y. 


Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  21,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — For  over  forty  years  I  have  been  hon- 
ored witli  an  invitation  from  "  The  Society  of  Tam- 


82 


Tammany  Society. 


many  "  to  unite  with  it  in  its  Celebration  of  the  Birth- 
day of  its  Organization. 

Again  }Tour  courtesy  is  acknowledged. 

The  principles  of  the  Democratic  party  as  they  were 
first  enunciated,  remain  unto  this  present.  They  who 
teach  any  other  political  gospel  are  enemies.  Modern 
side  issues  are  but  devices  to  disorganize  the  party.  The 
rights  of  the  States,  the  original  Federal  Constitution, 
the  separation  of  the  departments  of  the  federal  govern- 
ment, the  rigid  limitation  of  the  power  of  Congress, 
the  judiciary,  and  the  executive,  and  taxation  only  for 
the  needs  of  an  economic  system  of  the  people's  gov- 
ernment, protecting  rights,  and  rejecting  all  claims  of 
monopolists,  or  special  interest,  these  are  the  principles 
of  true  Democracy  as  declared  by  the  Fathers. 

They  who  are  not  in  favor  of  these  principles  and 
ready  to  organize  in  support  of  them,  and  vote  for  their 
advocates  have  neither  lot  nor  part  with  the  Democratic 
party. 

Faithfully  yours, 

EICHAED  VAUX, 
Ex-Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 


TTatertown,  N.  Y.,  June  24,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  am  in  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  20th 
inst.,  inviting  me  to  attend  the  Celebration  of  the  Fourth 
of  July,  by  the  Tammany  Society,  at  Tammany  Hall, 
New  York.  The  time-honored  custom  of  celebrating 
the  Anniversary  of  American  Independence  does  not, 
I  regret  to  say,  inspire  the  same  interest  among  the 
masses  of  our  people  that  was  so  common  in  the  earlier 
days  of  the  Eepublic.  The  fact  that  the  Tammany 
Society  is  almost  the  only  political  organization  that 


Celebration,  1889, 


83 


still,  on  each  recurring  anniversary,  celebrates  the  day 
with  the  same  ceremonies  and  patriotic  ardor  as  of  old, 
is  the  best  proof  of  its  adherence  and  devotion  to  the 
fundamental  principles  upon  which  our  government  was 
founded  and  the  best  traditions  of  American  national 
life. 

I  regret  that  I  will  be  unable  to  avail  myself  of  the 
pleasure  of  meeting  the  members  of  your  Society  and  its 
invited  guests,  on  such  an  interesting  occasion,  and  to 
participate  with  them  in  the  appropriate  celebration  of 
the  da}r. 

Thanking  you,  and  through  you,  the  organization 
which  you  represent, 

I  am,  dear  sir, 

Yours  very  truly, 

DENNIS  O'BRIEN, 
Ex-Attorney-General,  State  of  N.  Y. 


New  Yobk,  July  1,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — I  beg  to  thank  your  organization  for  an 
invitation  to  participate  in  its  Celebration  of  the  forth- 
coming Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  and 
regret  that  another  engagement  prevents  its  acceptance. 

Very  truly  yours, 

DANIEL  S.  LAMONT. 


Port  Townsbnd,  W.  T.,  June  24,  1880. 
Dear  Sir  : — Your  invitation  to  me  to  be  present  with 
the  Society  of  Tammany  to  celebrate  the  One  Hundred 
and  Thirteenth  Anniversary  of  American  Independ- 
ence, and  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  your  hon- 
orable Society,  is  received. 


84  Tammany  Society. 


It  would  give  me  pleasure  to  be  with  your  Society 
on  that  occasion  and  participate  with  it  in  devotion  ta 
a  pure  Democratic  form  of  government ;  but  the  great 
distance  which  separates  me  in  my  far  Western  home 
from  you  will  prevent  me  from  being  present. 

I  trust  it  may  be  a  happy  occasion,  and  that  your 
ancient  Society  may  long  continue  to  prosper  in  its 
good  works. 

Kespectfully  yours, 

J.  A.  KUHN, 
Mem.  Nat.  Com.  for  Wash.  Ter. 


Pittsburg,  Pa.,  June  26, 1889. 

Dear  Sir  : — The  invitation  to  attend  the  anniversary 
of  your  Society  on  the  4th  proximo,  has  been  received. 
I  regret  exceedingly  my  inability  to  be  with  you. 

The  patriotic  past  of  Tammany ;  its  fidelity  to  the 
cause  of  Democracy  and  good  government,  merit  the 
continued  appreciation  and  confidence  of  every  true 
American. 

Yours  sincerely, 

william  McClelland. 


New  York,  June  28,  1889. 

Dear  Sir  : — Your  kind  note  came  to  hand  after  I 
had  accepted  an  urgent  repetition  of  an  invitation,  ex- 
tended to  me  months  ago,  to  visit  Kentucky,  on  July  4th. 

It  would  have  been  to  me  a  great  pleasure  to  meet 
my  fellow  members  of  the  Tammany  Society,  on  the 
Fourth,  especially  as  the  Society  will  celebrate  its  Cen- 
tennial Anniversary.    I  cannot  tell  you  how  sorry  I  am 


Celebration,  1880. 


85 


to  be  absent.  Surely  the  Society  has  reason  to  be 
proud  of  its  historic  record.  Formed  in  the  same  year 
with  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  it  has  numbered  among  its  members  many  of 
the  most  distinguished  of  American  statesmen.  Its 
aims  have  ever  been  adherence  to  a  strict  construction 
of  the  Constitution,  fidelity  to  the  Union,  and  unswerv- 
ing devotion  to  the  principles  of  the  Democracy. 
With  great  regard, 

Very  truly  yours, 

DANIEL  DOUGHEBTY. 


Detroit,  Mich.,  June  28,  1889. 
DEAR  Sin  : — I  regret  exceedingly  my  inability  to  be 
present  at  the  coining  Celebration  of  the  birth  of  In- 
dependence, and  of  the  Society  of  Tammany.  Although 
your  kindly  summons  to  the  altar  of  our  political  faith 
is  not  responded  to  by  my  personal  presence,  yet  in 
common  with  all  the  sons  of  old  Tammany,  whenever 
disposed,  I  will  join  yon  in  spirit  and  pledge  my  un- 
changeable devotion  to  the  political  principles  of  Jef- 
ferson, Jackson  and  Tilden.  With  cordial  greeting, 
I  am, 

Fraternally  yours, 

WILLIAM  C.  MAYBURY. 


Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Jnly  1,  ISM). 
Deab  Sir: — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  your 
courteous  invitation  to  be  present,  on  July  4th  next,  at 
the  Celebration  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth 
Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Tammany  Society,  coupled   with  the 


86 


Tammany  Society. 


more  than  generous  request  to  address  the  meeting. 
It  was  my  earnest  desire  to  join  with  you  in  person  on 
what  doubtless  will  be  a  memorable  occasion,  and  ex- 
pected that  engagements  previously  made  could  be 
surmounted,  but  I  now  find  it  impossible  to  leave  the 
city. 

On  this  day  of  National  rejoicing,  typifying  as  it  does 
the  freedom  and  prosperity  of  the  greatest  and  freest 
country  on  the  face  of  the  globe,  it  is  meet  and  proper 
that  your  organization,  born  in  the  days  of  the  revolu- 
tionary Fathers,  baptized  in  the  blood  of  martyrs  and 
grown  to  strength  and  grandeur  by  devotion  to  Con- 
stitutional government,  should  memorize  America's 
birthday. 

The  long  and  prosperous  existence  of  the  Tammany 
Society  clearly  shows  that  the  objects  and  purposes  for 
which  it  was  organized  must  have  been  noble,  patriotic, 
and  just ;  and  in  your  battles  for  right  and  the  preser- 
vation of  American  suffrage,  the  great  heart  of  the 
people  has  ever  been  with  you. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

WILLIAM  F.  SHEEHAN. 


Corning,  N.  Y.,  July  4,  1889. 
Dear  Sir  : — Absence  from  home  until  to-day,  since 
your  invitation  came  here,  giving  me  the  opportunity 
of  being  present  and  participating  with  the  sons  of  the 
Society  of  Tammany  or  Columbian  Order,  in  the  One 
Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Celebration  of  the  birthday 
of  our  Republic. 

This  is  my  appology  for  not  answering  the  invitation, 
for  which  accept  thanks  of, 

Yours  respectfully, 

GEO.  B.  RBADLEY. 


Celebration^  t889. 


ST 


Columbus,  Miss.,  July  gst,  1889. 

WiOHASAWAinvA  :  -Tok  in  ivecetuni  hecel  mive  God- 
dess of  Liberty  wace  kiapi  ekta  owapa  n<*i  nakun  Tam- 
many yuonihanpi  ekta  owapa  kta  4th  July  kin  ban, 
wahoweayayapi  kin  han,  lila  pila  magaya  ]>i  wiyawapi 
JHh  June,  minagi  kin  ecela  hici  yaonpi  kta. 

Heci  wahi  ktecin  be  wastewala,  wibluskin  ktecin  na 
nita  ohitinke  cin  on  iyawakisa  na  wowiyusk  in  he  yaot- 
aninpi  ekta  owapa  kta  hecel  ton  a  lila  skanpi  namakoce 
awanyanka  pi  kin  hena  nahun  pi  kta  ca. 

Tammany  tehan  yanipin  he  lehanl  iciciyuskin,  wana 
waniyetu  opawinge  Ik4  ban  ya,  Otowwe  itancan  kici  lie 
nakun.  Wicasa  wasteste  iyapi  kta  na  wicasa  wakan 
bena  heyapi  kta.  Wasicum  tawicohan  im  nap  ya  awi- 
cayapi  Ikce  wicasa  Lena  wana  inyan  lie  el  fcyka  na  Da- 
kota makoce  sica  ekta. 

Tka  Tammany  tankarci  cin  na  towasake  cin  na  to- 
waste  waecon  eye  cin  heya  yona  waste  ]>i  hena  na 
hanrci  nionpi. 

Han,  Wiyaskinpo.  Marpiyatakiya  iyakisapo.  Tate 
hena  eyaye  kiyape  liecel  Mississippi  ohnta  na  maya 
nakun  Tombigbee  paha  wan  k<  ituya  hena  akawins  hiyu 
pi  kin  aonye  onyapi  kin  niye  on  wiunyaskin  kta  na 
"  mochahi"  un  wicon  kin  in  pi  kta  toka  etan.  Wisicun 
oyate  Liberty  ana  ptapi  kte  cin. 

Lila  awecakeya  nitawa, 

C.  S.  JOHNSTON. 

(The  same  in  the  Infer,  National  tongue.) 

Columbus,  Miss.,  July  1,  1889. 
Gentlemen  : — Hoping  that  circumstances  wouhl  so 
shape  themselves  as  that  I  might  have  the  privilege  of 
worshipping  the  Goddess  of  Liberty  at  the  shrine  of 
Tammany  on  the  4th  inst.,  I  have  deferred  until  now 
an  acknowledgment  of  your  invitation  of  the  9th  ult. 


88 


Tammany  Society. 


I  can  be  with  you  only^m  the  spirit.  I  would  love  to 
be  there,  to  rejoice  with  you,  to  add  my  voice  to  the 
shouts  of  your  braves,  make  your  hosannas  that  reso- 
nant thai  they  might  reach  the  ears  of  the  toiling  mil- 
lions who  still  pay  tribute  to  royalty,  and  make  obeis- 
ance to  despotism. 

I  congratulate  Tammany  on  the  attainment  of  its 
majority,  that  it  has  reached  a  Centennial  coincident 
with  its  supremacy  in  the  Metropolis  of  the  country. 

Philanthropists  may  prate,  missionaries  complain 
that  civilization  has  pushed  the  aboriginal  tribes  to  the 
peaks  of  the  Bockies,  and  into  the  alkaline  flats  of  the 
Dakotas,  but  the  supremacy  of  Tammany,  its  power,  its 
beneficent  influences  but  emphasize  the  climaxic  idea  of 
American  liberty — "the  survival  of  the  fittest." 

Yes,  rejoice  !  Let  your  shouts  pierce  the  skies  !  Let 
the  winds  catch  them,  and  as  they  are  wafted  to  the 
banks  of  the  Mississippi,  to  the  towering  bluffs  of  the 
Tombigbee,  we  will  rejoice  with  you,  and  add  our 
"  mock-a-hi  "  for  any  foe  that  would  assail  the  liberties 
of  the  American  people. 

Yours  most  sincerely, 

C.  S.  JOHNSTON. 


SrPiiNGFiELD,  III.,  July  1,  1889. 

Dear  Sir  : — Your  kind  invitation  to  be  present  and 
address  those  who  may  assemble  in  Tammany  Hall,  on 
the  4th  day  of  July,  is  received. 

It  would  afford  me  great  pleasure  to  be  with  you  on 
the  occasion  indicated.  But  my  engagements  are  such 
that  it  will  be  impossible  to  do  so. 

The  anniversary  of  our  Nation's  birth  is  an  appro- 
priate occasion  for  Democrats  to  renew  their  devotion 
to  the  principles  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 


Celebration. 


89 


The  author  of  this  immortal  declaration  was  tin- 
founder  of  our  party,  and  in  formulating  the  one  he  hut 
furnished  the  principles  of  the  other. 

I  trust  the  approaching  celebration  af  Tammany  Hall 
will  be  worthy  of  its  past  record  in  this  respect. 
I  am,  very  truly  yours, 

W.  M.  SPRINGER. 

Omaha,  Neb.,  June  27,  1889. 
Dear  Sin  : — I  beg  to  acknowledge  receipt  of  your 
esteemed  favor  of  the  20th  inst.,  inviting  my  attend- 
ance at  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Anniversary 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  the  One 
Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Founding  of  the 
Society  of  Tammany,  or  Columbian  Order.  I 
greatly  regret  my  inability  to  be  present.  I  will 
be  in  3-0111*  city  on  July  6th,  and  remain  until  the 
10th,  when  I  sail  for  a  European  trip.  Business 
arrangements,  consummated  just  prior  to  the  receipt  of 
your  invitation  prevent  my  arrival  earlier,  otherwise 
I  would,  with  great  pleasure,  accept  the  invitation,  and 
attend  the  Celebration,  thereby  experiencing  doubtless 
an  inspiration  which  must  certainly  touch  all  who  par- 
ticipate in  the  services  of  your  Order,  and  listen  to  the 
sentiments  and  expressions  of  love  and  devotion  to  our 
country  and  its  form  of  government  which  our  greatest 
Democrats  on  such  occasions  so  forcibly  and  eloquently 
present.  I  congratulate  you  upon  the  coming  Cele- 
bration, and  hope  it  may  be  greater  in  every  respect 
than  any  of  those  which  have  been  held  in  the  past, 
and  that  thereby  the  Order  may  be  strengthened  for  its 
future  patriotic  work. 

Very  truly  yours, 

C.  s.  MONTGOMERY, 


90 


Tammany  Society. 


New  Olreans,  La.,  June  27,  1889. 

Dear  Sir  : — I  regret  that  it  is  beyond  my  power  to 
accept  the  valued  invitation  you  transmit,  to  attend  the 
One  Hundred  and  Thirteenth  Celebration  by  the  Soci- 
ety of  Tammany  or  Columbian  Order,  on  the  Fourth  of 
July,  the  birthday  of  the  Republic.  The  interest  nat- 
urally attaching  to  such  an  occasion  will  be,  as  I  think, 
greatly  enhanced,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  same  joyful 
occasion  is  the  opportunity  for  the  observance,  with 
suitable  festivities,  of  the  Centennial  of  the  Founding 
of  the  ancient  and  honored  Columbian  Order  of  the 
City  of  New  York. 

The  history  of  the  Order,  the  patriotism  of  those  who 
have  constantly  represented  it,  their  connection  with 
the  name,  the  character  and  the  teachings  of  Jefferson, 
as  an  apostle  of  liberty,  in  whose  breast  the  love  of 
freedom  burnt  like  a  holy  flame,  and  the  intimate  asso- 
ciation of  the  Order  with  great  national  events,  and  with 
American  public  life — all  these,  as  well  as  other  consid- 
erations, naturally  connected  with  them — will  tend  to 
make  of  the  approaching  centennial,  not  only  a  conspic- 
uous celebration,  but  one  the  memory  of  which  will  long 
survive. 

Wishing  for  the  Society  of  Tammany,  continued  use- 
fulness and  honor, 

I  remain  with  great  esteem  and  regard, 

Your  obedient  servant  and  fellow-citizen, 

CARLETON  HUNT. 


Letters  and  telegrams  were  also  received  from  Hon. 
William  C.  Whitney,  Hon.  H.  B.  Payne,  TJ.  S.  Senator 
from  Ohio  ;  Governor  Robert  S.  Green,  of  New  Jersey  ; 
Congressman  Roswell  P.  Flower,  John  G.  Prather, 


Celebration,  1889, 


91 


Member  of  the  Democratic  National  Committee  from 
Missouri ;  Congressmen  Walter  I.  Hayes,  of  Iowa,  and 
Charles  E.  Hooker,  of  Mississippi;  Mayor  Alfred 
Chapin,  of  Brooklyn  ;  Judge  Amasa  J.  Parker,  State 
Senator  Donald  McNaughton,  Hon.  Theodore  Miller, 
Hon.  George  Winthrop,  of  Pennsylvania  ;  Hon.  Tennent 
Lomax,  of  Alabama;  Hon.  Alpheus  B.  Alger,  of 
Massachusetts ;  Hon.  John  Miner,  of  Michigan  ;  Hon. 
E.  H.  Jones,  of  Missouri;  Hon.  Samuel  P.  Hovey,  of 
Rhode  Island;  Hon.  Samuel  J.  Tilden,  Jr.,  Hon.  P.  H. 
Considine,  Hon.  Henry  A.  Reeves,  Hon.  Hiram  Atkins, 
Hon.  J.  H.  Estell,  Hon.  A.  Nolthan,  Hon.  Theodore 
Miller,  Hon.  S.  Perry  Smith,  Hon.  Frank  Nash,  Hon. 
John  Haggard,  President  of  the  Young  Men's  Demo- 
cratic Club,  of  Philadelphia  ;  and  Hon.  J.  H.  Farrell. 


